PLAPT
No estimate
No hardware requirements for this model
The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.
On record
Full specification
Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.
Origin
Who built this model, where, and when it was published.
- Organisation
- Wolfram Research,ASC27,Newport High School,Sanskriti School
- Organisation type
- Industry,Industry,Academia
- Country
- United States of America, Italy, India
- Published
- 12 February 2024
- Authors
- Tyler Rose, Nicolò Monti, Navvye Anand, Tianyu Shen
What it does
The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.
- Domain
- Biology
- Task
- Protein-ligand binding affinity prediction
- Base model
- ChemBERTa,ProtBERT-BFD
Size
How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.
- Parameters
- 1.5M
- Training data
- tokens
- Epochs
- 60
"Figure 3: The prediction module takes a 1792x1 feature vector as its input, which is then partitioned into two streams: The first stream processes the first 1024 indices of the feature vector through a 512-node protein-specific linear layer, followed by a ReLU activation function. Concurrently, the second stream processes the latter 768 feature indices through a similar 512-node moleculespecific linear layer, also followed by a ReLU activation. Outputs from both streams are concatenated into a…
Training set: 90,000 samples Tokens per sample: 3,200 (protein) + 278 (ligand) = 3,478 Total tokens = 90,000 × 3,478 = 313,020,000 (3.13e8) tokens
Training compute
The arithmetic performed to train the model, measured in floating-point operations. It is a measure of what the training run cost, not of how fast the finished model answers you.
- Training compute
- 3.9 × 10²² FLOP
- How it was established
- Operation counting
1474624 connections; 90,000 training examples; table a4 mentions 60 training rounds 6*1474624*90000*60=47777817600000 Including base models: 8465436600000000000 + 3.9e+22 + 47777817600000 = 39008465484377820000000
The training run
What it physically took to train: which chips, how many, for how long, and what that drew from the wall.
- Training hardware
- NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
- Chips used
- 1
- Power draw
- 174 W
How it is classified
Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.
- Record confidence
- Confident
- Citations
- 8
Sources
Where this record came from and when it was last checked.
- Reference
- PLAPT: Protein-Ligand Binding Affinity Prediction Using Pretrained Transformers
- Last updated
- 1 January 2026
What the numbers mean
Where it came from
PLAPT was published by Wolfram Research,ASC27,Newport High School,Sanskriti School, in United States of America, in February 2024. It comes out of industry,Industry,Academia.
It works in Biology, and is recorded as doing protein-ligand binding affinity prediction.
It builds on ChemBERTa,ProtBERT-BFD, which is why it shares that model's general shape and size.
Because the weights are not available, none of the hardware figures elsewhere on this site apply to it.
How it was trained
Producing it required around 3.9 × 10²² FLOP of arithmetic, on NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti, which is a statement about the training budget rather than about inference.
Answers
PLAPT — common questions
How much compute was used to train PLAPT?
Around 3.9 × 10²² FLOP, on NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti. That measures what producing the model cost and says nothing about how quickly it answers once trained — inference speed comes from memory bandwidth, not from the training budget.
What GPU do I need to run PLAPT?
None. PLAPT is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.
Is PLAPT open source?
The licensing for PLAPT was never recorded in our source data. We treat unstated licensing as closed, because an unrecorded licence is not one to rely on.
How many parameters does PLAPT have?
PLAPT has 1.5M parameters. "Figure 3: The prediction module takes a 1792x1 feature vector as its input, which is then partitioned into two streams: The first stream processes the first 1024 indices of the feature vector through a 512-node protein-specific linear layer, followed by a ReLU activation function. Concurrently, the second stream processes the latter 768 feature indices through a similar 512-node moleculespecific linear layer, also followed by a ReLU activation. Outputs from both streams are concatenated into a single vector of 1024 elements. This combined vector is passed through a batch normalization layer with a momentum of 0.9 and epsilon of 0.001. The vector is then fed through the 512-node Linear Layer 1 and ReLU activation. A dropout layer with a probability of 20% is then applied to mitigate overfitting. Following the dropout layer, the prediction module continues to reduce the feature space with the 64-node Linear Layer 2 with ReLU activation, before reaching the single node Linear Layer 3. This layer outputs the predicted scalar value representing the normalized negative log10 affinity value, which is then un-normalized." (512 * 1024) + (512 * 768) + (512 * 1024) + (64 * 512) + 64 = 1474624. That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.
Who created PLAPT?
PLAPT was published by Wolfram Research,ASC27,Newport High School,Sanskriti School, based in United States of America, categorised as industry,Industry,Academia.
When was PLAPT released?
PLAPT was published in February 2024. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.
What is PLAPT used for?
PLAPT works in Biology, and is recorded as handling protein-ligand binding affinity prediction. A model can carry several of each, so these are the areas it was built for rather than a limit on what it will attempt.
The other direction
Looking at it from the other side?
This page starts from the model. If you already own a card and want to know everything it will run, start from the hardware instead.