FoldFlow

Closed weights McGill University,Mila - Quebec AI (originally Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms),Dreamfold,University of Montreal / Université de Montréal,University of Oxford October 2023

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
McGill University,Mila - Quebec AI (originally Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms),Dreamfold,University of Montreal / Université de Montréal,University of Oxford
Organisation type
Academia,Academia,Industry,Academia,Academia
Country
Canada, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Published
3 October 2023
Authors
Avishek Joey Bose, Tara Akhound-Sadegh, Guillaume Huguet, Kilian Fatras, Jarrid Rector-Brooks, Cheng-Hao Liu, Andrei Cristian Nica, Maksym Korablyov, Michael Bronstein, Alexander Tong

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Biology
Task
Protein generation

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Training data
40,046,400 tokens

PDB Dataset: 22,248 proteins × 200 residues = 4,449,600 tokens MD Dataset: 200,000 frames × 58 residues = 11,600,000 tokens Total: 4,449,600 + 11,600,000 = 16,049,600 tokens (1.6 × 10⁷)

Training compute

The arithmetic performed to train the model, measured in floating-point operations. It is a measure of what the training run cost, not of how fast the finished model answers you.

Training compute
1.1 × 10²⁰ FLOP

1. Hardware: 4x NVIDIA A100-80GB GPUs (3.12e14 FLOP/s per GPU) 2. Training duration: 2.5 days = 216,000 seconds (directly provided) 3. Utilization rate: 40% 4. Calculation: 3.12e14 FLOP/s × 4 GPUs × 216,000s × 0.40 = 1.1e20 FLOP

How it was established
Hardware

The training run

What it physically took to train: which chips, how many, for how long, and what that drew from the wall.

Training hardware
NVIDIA A100
Chips used
4
Wall-clock time
60 hours
Power draw
3.2 kW

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Record confidence
Confident
Citations
165

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
SE(3) Stochastic Flow Matching for Protein Backbone Generation
Last updated
25 May 2026

What the numbers mean

Background

FoldFlow was published by McGill University,Mila - Quebec AI (originally Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms),Dreamfold,University of Montreal / Université de Montréal,University of Oxford, in Canada, in October 2023. It comes out of academia,Academia,Industry,Academia,Academia.

It works in Biology, and is recorded as doing protein generation.

This is a closed model: the trained values stayed with whoever produced them, and there is no local version to run.

Training and provenance

The training run consumed about 1.1 × 10²⁰ FLOP, on NVIDIA A100. That figure describes the cost of creating it and has no bearing on how quickly it generates text.

It was trained on about 40,046,400 tokens of text.

Answers

FoldFlow — common questions

01

What GPU do I need to run FoldFlow?

None. FoldFlow is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

02

Is FoldFlow open source?

The licensing for FoldFlow was never recorded in our source data. We treat unstated licensing as closed, because an unrecorded licence is not one to rely on.

03

How many parameters does FoldFlow have?

No parameter count has been published for FoldFlow, which is why no memory or speed figure appears on this page.

04

Who created FoldFlow?

FoldFlow was published by McGill University,Mila - Quebec AI (originally Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms),Dreamfold,University of Montreal / Université de Montréal,University of Oxford, based in Canada, categorised as academia,Academia,Industry,Academia,Academia.

05

When was FoldFlow released?

FoldFlow was published in October 2023. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

06

What is FoldFlow used for?

FoldFlow works in Biology, and is recorded as handling protein generation. A model can carry several of each, so these are the areas it was built for rather than a limit on what it will attempt.

07

How much compute was used to train FoldFlow?

Around 1.1 × 10²⁰ FLOP, on NVIDIA A100. That measures what producing the model cost and says nothing about how quickly it answers once trained — inference speed comes from memory bandwidth, not from the training budget.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 25 May 2026

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

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