VRNS-RNN-3-3-5
No estimate
No hardware requirements for this model
The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.
On record
Full specification
Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.
Origin
Who built this model, where, and when it was published.
- Organisation
- University of Notre Dame
- Organisation type
- Academia
- Country
- United States of America
- Published
- 4 October 2022
- Authors
- Brian DuSell, David Chiang
What it does
The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.
- Domain
- Language
- Task
- Language modeling
Size
How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.
- Parameters
- 1.5M
- Training data
- 912,344 tokens
- Epochs
- 140
Availability
Whether you can obtain the model and run it on your own hardware, which is what decides if any of the graphics-card figures on this page apply.
- Weights
- Closed — provider access only
- Model access
- Unreleased
- Training code
- Open (non-commercial)
code here, unclear license: https://github.com/bdusell/nondeterministic-stack-rnn
How it is classified
Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.
- Citations
- 5
- Benchmark data
- VRNS-RNN-3-3-5
Sources
Where this record came from and when it was last checked.
- Reference
- The Surprising Computational Power of Nondeterministic Stack RNNs
- Last updated
- 25 May 2026
What the numbers mean
What this model is
VRNS-RNN-3-3-5 was published by University of Notre Dame, in United States of America, in October 2022. The organisation is categorised as academia.
It works in Language, and is recorded as doing language modeling.
Because the weights are not available, none of the hardware figures elsewhere on this site apply to it.
What went into building it
Around 912,344 tokens went into training it.
Answers
VRNS-RNN-3-3-5 — common questions
What GPU do I need to run VRNS-RNN-3-3-5?
None. VRNS-RNN-3-3-5 is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.
Is VRNS-RNN-3-3-5 open source?
No. VRNS-RNN-3-3-5 has not had its weights published, so it exists only as a service controlled by its owner.
How many parameters does VRNS-RNN-3-3-5 have?
VRNS-RNN-3-3-5 has 1.5M parameters. That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.
Who created VRNS-RNN-3-3-5?
VRNS-RNN-3-3-5 was published by University of Notre Dame, based in United States of America, categorised as academia.
When was VRNS-RNN-3-3-5 released?
VRNS-RNN-3-3-5 was published in October 2022. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.
What is VRNS-RNN-3-3-5 used for?
VRNS-RNN-3-3-5 works in Language, and is recorded as handling language modeling. A model can carry several of each, so these are the areas it was built for rather than a limit on what it will attempt.
The other direction
Looking at it from the other side?
This page starts from the model. If you already own a card and want to know everything it will run, start from the hardware instead.