AlphaCode

Closed weights DeepMind 41.1B parameters February 2022

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
DeepMind
Organisation type
Industry
Country
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Published
2 February 2022
Authors
Yujia Li, David Choi, Junyoung Chung, Nate Kushman, Julian Schrittwieser, Rémi Leblond, Tom Eccles, James Keeling, Felix Gimeno, Agustin Dal Lago, Thomas Hubert, Peter Choy, Cyprien de Masson d'Autume, Igor Babuschkin, Xinyun Chen, Po-Sen Huang, Johannes Welbl, Sven Gowal, Alexey Cherepanov, James Molloy, Daniel J. Mankowitz, Esme Sutherland Robson, Pushmeet Kohli, Nando de Freitas, Koray Kavukcuo…

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Language
Task
Code generation
Approach
Self-supervised learning
Numerical format
BF16

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Parameters
41.1B

41.1B. Table 3

Training data
967,000,000,000 tokens

Appendix part A has answers for pretraining.

Batch size
4,718,592

2304 token sequences, 2048 batch size. 2304 * 2048 = 4718592 trained on 967B tokens and 205k steps. 967B/205k = 4717073, so seems they didn't do warmup

Training compute

The arithmetic performed to train the model, measured in floating-point operations. It is a measure of what the training run cost, not of how fast the finished model answers you.

Training compute
2.4 × 10²³ FLOP

Using C=6ND, we have C = 6 FLOP/token/param * 41.1B params * 967B tokens = 2.38e23 FLOP. Figure 7 (a) shows a maximum training compute budget of approx 23000 TPU-days per model. This matches the operation-counting estimate at 44% utilization.

How it was established
Hardware

The training run

What it physically took to train: which chips, how many, for how long, and what that drew from the wall.

Training hardware
Google TPU v4
Chips used
3,750
Wall-clock time
147 hours

Figure 7 (a) shows that the models were trained for around 23000 TPU-days. We know they trained on TPUv4s, and in appendix D.1 they say they have 3750 TPUv4 and TPUv4i. Assuming they trained only on the 3750 TPUv4s, that suggests 23000 / 3750 = 6.13 days, or 147.2 hours.

Hardware utilisation
MFU 43.6%

Using C=6ND, we have C = 6 FLOP/token/param * 41.1B params * 967B tokens = 2.38e23 FLOP. Figure 7 (a) shows a maximum training compute budget of approx 23000 TPU-days per model. This implies 2.38e23 / (275e12 * 86400 * 23000) = 43.64% MFU = 0.4364

Power draw
2.6 MW

Availability

Whether you can obtain the model and run it on your own hardware, which is what decides if any of the graphics-card figures on this page apply.

Weights
Closed — provider access only
Model access
Unreleased
Training code
Unreleased

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Foundation model
Yes
Likely above 10²³ FLOP
Yes
Why it is tracked
SOTA improvement

" To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a computer system has been competitive with human participants in programming competitions"

Record confidence
Confident
Citations
2,162

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCode
Last updated
25 May 2026

What the numbers mean

Where it came from

AlphaCode was published by DeepMind, in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, in February 2022. It comes out of industry.

It works in Language, and is recorded as doing code generation.

Because the weights are not available, none of the hardware figures elsewhere on this site apply to it.

How it was trained

Producing it required around 2.4 × 10²³ FLOP of arithmetic, on Google TPU v4, which is a statement about the training budget rather than about inference.

The training set ran to roughly 967,000,000,000 tokens.

Its inclusion criterion is sOTA improvement.

Answers

AlphaCode — common questions

01

What GPU do I need to run AlphaCode?

None. AlphaCode is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

02

Is AlphaCode open source?

No. AlphaCode has not had its weights published, so it exists only as a service controlled by its owner.

03

How many parameters does AlphaCode have?

AlphaCode has 41.1B parameters. 41.1B. Table 3. That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.

04

Who created AlphaCode?

AlphaCode was published by DeepMind, based in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, categorised as industry.

05

When was AlphaCode released?

AlphaCode was published in February 2022. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

06

What is AlphaCode used for?

AlphaCode works in Language, and is recorded as handling code generation. Models frequently carry more than one of each, and the tags describe purpose rather than capability limits.

07

How much compute was used to train AlphaCode?

Around 2.4 × 10²³ FLOP, on Google TPU v4. That measures what producing the model cost and says nothing about how quickly it answers once trained — inference speed comes from memory bandwidth, not from the training budget.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 25 May 2026

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

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