Persia

Closed weights ETH Zurich,Kuaishou Technology 100T parameters November 2021

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
ETH Zurich,Kuaishou Technology
Organisation type
Academia,Industry
Country
Switzerland, China
Published
23 November 2021
Authors
Xiangru Lian, Binhang Yuan, Xuefeng Zhu, Yulong Wang, Yongjun He, Honghuan Wu, Lei Sun, Haodong Lyu, Chengjun Liu, Xing Dong, Yiqiao Liao, Mingnan Luo, Congfei Zhang, Jingru Xie, Haonan Li, Lei Chen, Renjie Huang, Jianying Lin, Chengchun Shu, Xuezhong Qiu, Zhishan Liu, Dongying Kong, Lei Yuan, Hai Yu, Sen Yang, Ce Zhang, Ji Liu

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Recommendation
Task
Recommender system

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Parameters
100T

100 trillion

Training data
tokens

The training run

What it physically took to train: which chips, how many, for how long, and what that drew from the wall.

Training hardware
NVIDIA V100

Availability

Whether you can obtain the model and run it on your own hardware, which is what decides if any of the graphics-card figures on this page apply.

Weights
Closed — provider access only
Model access
Unreleased
Training code
Open source

https://github.com/PersiaML/PERSIA/blob/main/LICENSE MIT code

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Record confidence
Confident
Citations
44

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
Persia: An Open, Hybrid System Scaling Deep Learning-based Recommenders up to 100 Trillion Parameters
Last updated
25 May 2026

What the numbers mean

Where it came from

Persia was published by ETH Zurich,Kuaishou Technology, in Switzerland, in November 2021. academia,Industry is the category the publisher falls under.

It works in Recommendation, and is recorded as doing recommender system.

This is a closed model: the trained values stayed with whoever produced them, and there is no local version to run.

Answers

Persia — common questions

01

Who created Persia?

Persia was published by ETH Zurich,Kuaishou Technology, based in Switzerland, categorised as academia,Industry.

02

When was Persia released?

Persia was published in November 2021. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

03

What is Persia used for?

Persia works in Recommendation, and is recorded as handling recommender system. Models frequently carry more than one of each, and the tags describe purpose rather than capability limits.

04

What GPU do I need to run Persia?

None. Persia is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

05

Is Persia open source?

No. Persia has not had its weights published, so it exists only as a service controlled by its owner.

06

How many parameters does Persia have?

Persia has 100T parameters. 100 trillion. That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 25 May 2026

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

This page starts from the model. If you already own a card and want to know everything it will run, start from the hardware instead.