RNS-RNN

Closed weights University of Notre Dame 5.8M parameters September 2021

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
University of Notre Dame
Organisation type
Academia
Country
United States of America
Published
5 September 2021
Authors
Brian DuSell, David Chiang

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Language
Task
Language modeling

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Parameters
5.8M

Table 1

Training data
tokens

Penn TreeBank's training split has 912,344 tokens.

Epochs
100
Batch size
1,120

Sequence length 35, minibatches of 32

Availability

Whether you can obtain the model and run it on your own hardware, which is what decides if any of the graphics-card figures on this page apply.

Weights
Closed — provider access only
Model access
Unreleased
Training code
Open (non-commercial)

code here, unclear license: https://github.com/bdusell/nondeterministic-stack-rnn

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Record confidence
Confident
Citations
19
Benchmark data
RNS-RNN

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
Learning Hierarchical Structures with Differentiable Nondeterministic Stacks
Last updated
25 May 2026

What the numbers mean

Background

RNS-RNN was published by University of Notre Dame, in United States of America, in September 2021. The organisation is categorised as academia.

It works in Language, and is recorded as doing language modeling.

Its weights were never published, so it can only be reached through its provider. No graphics card changes that.

Answers

RNS-RNN — common questions

01

When was RNS-RNN released?

RNS-RNN was published in September 2021. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

02

What is RNS-RNN used for?

RNS-RNN works in Language, and is recorded as handling language modeling. These are the areas it was designed around; they describe intent rather than a hard boundary.

03

What GPU do I need to run RNS-RNN?

None. RNS-RNN is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

04

Is RNS-RNN open source?

No. RNS-RNN has not had its weights published, so it exists only as a service controlled by its owner.

05

How many parameters does RNS-RNN have?

RNS-RNN has 5.8M parameters. Table 1. That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.

06

Who created RNS-RNN?

RNS-RNN was published by University of Notre Dame, based in United States of America, categorised as academia.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 25 May 2026

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

This page starts from the model. If you already own a card and want to know everything it will run, start from the hardware instead.