AFP+FPI (PTB)
No estimate
No hardware requirements for this model
The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.
On record
Full specification
Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.
Origin
Who built this model, where, and when it was published.
- Organisation
- University of Sheffield
- Organisation type
- Academia
- Country
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Published
- 4 June 2021
- Authors
- Zhengxiong Wang, Anton Ragni
What it does
The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.
- Domain
- Language
- Task
- Language modeling
Size
How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.
- Parameters
- 2M
- Training data
- 912,344 tokens
- Epochs
- 20
- RNN with 1 hidden layer - 200 hidden units - Vocabulary size = 10,000 The RNN layer will have: - Input weight matrix U: (vocab size x hidden size) = (10,000 x 200) = 2,000,000 parameters - Recurrent weight matrix W: (hidden size x hidden size) = (200 x 200) = 40,000 parameters - Bias vector b: (hidden size) = (200) = 200 parameters Total parameters: U = 2,000,000 W = 40,000 b = 200 Total parameters = U + W + b = 2,000,000 + 40,000 + 200 = 2,040,200 Therefore,…
Training compute
The arithmetic performed to train the model, measured in floating-point operations. It is a measure of what the training run cost, not of how fast the finished model answers you.
- Training compute
- 2.2 × 10¹⁴ FLOP
- How it was established
- Operation counting
6 FLOP / parameter / token * 2,040,200 parameters * 912344 tokens * 20 epochs = 2.2336371e+14 FLOP
Availability
Whether you can obtain the model and run it on your own hardware, which is what decides if any of the graphics-card figures on this page apply.
- Weights
- Closed — provider access only
- Model access
- Unreleased
- Training code
- Unreleased
How it is classified
Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.
- Record confidence
- Likely
- Citations
- 4
- Benchmark data
- AFP+FPI (PTB)
Sources
Where this record came from and when it was last checked.
- Reference
- Approximate Fixed-Points in Recurrent Neural Networks
- Last updated
- 11 February 2026
What the numbers mean
Background
AFP+FPI (PTB) was published by University of Sheffield, in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, in June 2021. It comes out of academia.
It works in Language, and is recorded as doing language modeling.
Its weights were never published, so it can only be reached through its provider. No graphics card changes that.
How it was trained
The training run consumed about 2.2 × 10¹⁴ FLOP. That figure describes the cost of creating it and has no bearing on how quickly it generates text.
Around 912,344 tokens went into training it.
Answers
AFP+FPI (PTB) — common questions
How many parameters does AFP+FPI (PTB) have?
AFP+FPI (PTB) has 2M parameters. - RNN with 1 hidden layer - 200 hidden units - Vocabulary size = 10,000 The RNN layer will have: - Input weight matrix U: (vocab size x hidden size) = (10,000 x 200) = 2,000,000 parameters - Recurrent weight matrix W: (hidden size x hidden size) = (200 x 200) = 40,000 parameters - Bias vector b: (hidden size) = (200) = 200 parameters Total parameters: U = 2,000,000 W = 40,000 b = 200 Total parameters = U + W + b = 2,000,000 + 40,000 + 200 = 2,040,200 Therefore, the total number of parameters with 200 hidden units and 10,000 vocab size is 2,040,200. _______ from the Algorithmic progress paper spreadsheet. That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.
Who created AFP+FPI (PTB)?
AFP+FPI (PTB) was published by University of Sheffield, based in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, categorised as academia.
When was AFP+FPI (PTB) released?
AFP+FPI (PTB) was published in June 2021. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.
What is AFP+FPI (PTB) used for?
AFP+FPI (PTB) works in Language, and is recorded as handling language modeling. Models frequently carry more than one of each, and the tags describe purpose rather than capability limits.
How much compute was used to train AFP+FPI (PTB)?
Around 2.2 × 10¹⁴ FLOP. That measures what producing the model cost and says nothing about how quickly it answers once trained — inference speed comes from memory bandwidth, not from the training budget.
What GPU do I need to run AFP+FPI (PTB)?
None. AFP+FPI (PTB) is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.
Is AFP+FPI (PTB) open source?
No. AFP+FPI (PTB) has not had its weights published, so it exists only as a service controlled by its owner.
The other direction
Looking at it from the other side?
This page starts from the model. If you already own a card and want to know everything it will run, start from the hardware instead.