Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy]

Closed weights OpenAI 3.2M parameters August 2018

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
OpenAI
Organisation type
Industry
Country
United States of America
Published
1 August 2018
Authors
Marcin Andrychowicz, Bowen Baker, Maciek Chociej, Rafal Jozefowicz, Bob McGrew, Jakub Pachocki, Arthur Petron, Matthias Plappert, Glenn Powell, Alex Ray, Jonas Schneider, Szymon Sidor, Josh Tobin, Peter Welinder, Lilian Weng, Wojciech Zaremba

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Robotics
Task
Robotic manipulation

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Parameters
3.2M

See Figure 2 - Deployed model (D) consists of a Control Policy Network (B) and Vision Network (C), trained separately. (Training of (B) also includes training of a Value Network that is, ignoring input-output size differences, identical in architecture to that of the control policy; the value network is not included during deployment). Control Policy Network: 3181588 (23552 + 3147776 + 10260) see Table 2, Figure 12, Table 10 given: - input: 22 out [Table 2, 15+3+4] - normalization: 22 out - FC-…

Training data
tokens

Training compute

The arithmetic performed to train the model, measured in floating-point operations. It is a measure of what the training run cost, not of how fast the finished model answers you.

Training compute
2.2 × 10²⁰ FLOP

In experiments, runs were typically conducted for 50 hours of wall time, with up to 32 GPUs. Table 10 specifies V100 GPUs for training the policy. Assume V100 base variant, BF16, 0.3 utilization V100 tensor FP16 performance = 1.25e14 FLOP/s 32 GPUs * (0.3 * 1.25e14 FLOP/s/GPU) * (3600 s/1 hr) * 50 hr = 2.16e+20 FLOP

How it was established
Hardware

The training run

What it physically took to train: which chips, how many, for how long, and what that drew from the wall.

Training hardware
NVIDIA V100
Chips used
8
Wall-clock time
50 hours
Power draw
5.0 kW

Availability

Whether you can obtain the model and run it on your own hardware, which is what decides if any of the graphics-card figures on this page apply.

Weights
Closed — provider access only
Model access
Unreleased
Training code
Unreleased

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Record confidence
Confident
Citations
2,156

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
Learning Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation
Last updated
25 May 2026

What the numbers mean

Where it came from

Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy] was published by OpenAI, in United States of America, in August 2018. industry is the category the publisher falls under.

It works in Robotics, and is recorded as doing robotic manipulation.

This is a closed model: the trained values stayed with whoever produced them, and there is no local version to run.

Training and provenance

Training it took roughly 2.2 × 10²⁰ FLOP of computation, on NVIDIA V100 — a measure of what producing the model cost, not of how fast it answers.

Answers

Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy] — common questions

01

How much compute was used to train Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy]?

Around 2.2 × 10²⁰ FLOP, on NVIDIA V100. That measures what producing the model cost and says nothing about how quickly it answers once trained — inference speed comes from memory bandwidth, not from the training budget.

02

What GPU do I need to run Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy]?

None. Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy] is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

03

Is Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy] open source?

No. Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy] has not had its weights published, so it exists only as a service controlled by its owner.

04

How many parameters does Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy] have?

Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy] has 3.2M parameters. See Figure 2 - Deployed model (D) consists of a Control Policy Network (B) and Vision Network (C), trained separately. (Training of (B) also includes training of a Value Network that is, ignoring input-output size differences, identical in architecture to that of the control policy; the value network is not included during deployment). Control Policy Network: 3181588 (23552 + 3147776 + 10260) see Table 2, Figure 12, Table 10 given: - input: 22 out [Table 2, 15+3+4] - normalization: 22 out - FC-RELU: 1024 out [Table 10, assume bias] - LSTM: 512 out [Table 10, assume bias] - FC (implied?): 20 out [Appendix C.1, Actions] parameters: - FC-RELU: 23552 [(22+1)*1024] - normalization: 0 [ignored] - LSTM: 3147776 [4*(1024+512+1)*512] - FC (Implied?): 10260 [(512+1)*20]. That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.

05

Who created Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy]?

Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy] was published by OpenAI, based in United States of America, categorised as industry.

06

When was Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy] released?

Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy] was published in August 2018. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

07

What is Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy] used for?

Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation [control policy] works in Robotics, and is recorded as handling robotic manipulation. A model can carry several of each, so these are the areas it was built for rather than a limit on what it will attempt.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 25 May 2026

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