RNNLM + Dynamic KL Regularization (WT2)

Closed weights Northwestern University 87.6M parameters April 2018

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
Northwestern University
Organisation type
Academia
Country
United States of America
Published
27 April 2018
Authors
Thanapon Noraset, David Demeter, Doug Downey

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Language
Task
Language modeling

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Parameters
87.6M

Calculatable - 2-layer LSTM with 650 hidden units.

Training data
2,000,000 tokens

"Perplexity validation stops significantly improving after around 20 epochs."

Epochs
20

Training compute

The arithmetic performed to train the model, measured in floating-point operations. It is a measure of what the training run cost, not of how fast the finished model answers you.

Training compute
2.1 × 10¹⁶ FLOP

6 FLOP / parameter / token * 87600000 parameters * 2000000 tokens * 20 epochs = 2.1024e+16 FLOP

How it was established
Operation counting

Availability

Whether you can obtain the model and run it on your own hardware, which is what decides if any of the graphics-card figures on this page apply.

Weights
Closed — provider access only
Model access
Unreleased
Training code
Unreleased

code, but not experiment code: https://github.com/northanapon/seqmodel/tree/aaai18

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Record confidence
Likely
Citations
9
Benchmark data
RNNLM + Dynamic KL Regularization (WT2)

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
Controlling Global Statistics in Recurrent Neural Network Text Generation
Last updated
11 February 2026

What the numbers mean

Where it came from

RNNLM + Dynamic KL Regularization (WT2) was published by Northwestern University, in the country recorded as United States of America, during April 2018. It comes out of an organisation categorised as academia.

It works in the domain of Language, and is recorded as performing the task of language modeling.

This is a closed model: the trained values stayed with whoever produced them, and there is no local version to run.

How it was trained

The training run consumed about 2.1 × 10¹⁶ FLOP. That figure measures what producing the model cost, and has no bearing on how fast it answers.

It was trained on a corpus of about 2,000,000 tokens of text.

Answers

RNNLM + Dynamic KL Regularization (WT2) — common questions

01

RNNLM + Dynamic KL Regularization (WT2)— who created it?

It was published by Northwestern University, based in United States of America, an organisation categorised as academia.

02

RNNLM + Dynamic KL Regularization (WT2)— when was it released?

It was published in April 2018. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

03

RNNLM + Dynamic KL Regularization (WT2)— what is it used for?

It works in the domain of Language, and is recorded as handling the task of language modeling. Models frequently carry more than one of each, and the tags describe purpose rather than capability limits.

04

RNNLM + Dynamic KL Regularization (WT2)— how much compute was used to train it?

Training consumed around 2.1 × 10¹⁶ FLOP. That measures what producing the model cost and says nothing about how quickly it answers once trained — inference speed comes from memory bandwidth, not from the training budget.

05

RNNLM + Dynamic KL Regularization (WT2)— what GPU do I need to run it?

None. This is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

06

RNNLM + Dynamic KL Regularization (WT2)— is it open source?

No. Its weights have not been published, so it exists only as a service controlled by its owner.

07

RNNLM + Dynamic KL Regularization (WT2)— how many parameters does it have?

It has a parameter count of 87.6M. Calculatable - 2-layer LSTM with 650 hidden units. That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 11 February 2026

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

This page starts from the model. If you already own a card and want to know everything it will run, start from the hardware instead.