JFT

Closed weights Google Research,Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) 44.7M parameters July 2017

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
Google Research,Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Organisation type
Industry,Academia
Country
United States of America
Published
10 July 2017
Authors
Chen Sun, Abhinav Shrivastava, Saurabh Singh, Abhinav Gupta

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Vision
Task
Image classification, Object detection, Semantic segmentation, Pose estimation
Numerical format
FP32

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Parameters
44.7M

Uses ResNet-101 architecture, which has 44,654,504 parameters: https://resources.wolframcloud.com/NeuralNetRepository/resources/ResNet-101-Trained-on-ImageNet-Competition-Data/

Training data
5,487,300,000,000 tokens
Epochs
4
Batch size
32

Training compute

The arithmetic performed to train the model, measured in floating-point operations. It is a measure of what the training run cost, not of how fast the finished model answers you.

Training compute
8.4 × 10²⁰ FLOP

Tesla K80 performance: 8.13 TFLOP/s Assume 40% utilization 60 days * 50 GPUs * 40% utilization * 8.13 TFLOP/s/GPU = 8.43*10^20 FLOP

How it was established
Hardware

The training run

What it physically took to train: which chips, how many, for how long, and what that drew from the wall.

Training hardware
NVIDIA Tesla K80
Chips used
50
Chip-hours
72,000
Wall-clock time
1,440 hours (60 days)
Power draw
31.3 kW
Compute cost
$17,911

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Frontier model
Yes
Why it is tracked
SOTA improvement

SOTA on COCO and PASCAL VOC

Record confidence
Confident
Citations
2,712

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
Revisiting Unreasonable Effectiveness of Data in Deep Learning Era.
Last updated
25 May 2026

What the numbers mean

Where it came from

JFT was published by Google Research,Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), in the country recorded as United States of America, during July 2017. The publishing organisation is categorised as industry,Academia.

It works in the domain of Vision, and is recorded as performing the task of image classification, Object detection, Semantic segmentation, Pose estimation.

This is a closed model: the trained values stayed with whoever produced them, and there is no local version to run.

How it was trained

The training run consumed about 8.4 × 10²⁰ FLOP, on hardware recorded as NVIDIA Tesla K80. That figure measures what producing the model cost, and has no bearing on how fast it answers.

It was trained on a corpus of about 5,487,300,000,000 tokens of text.

Its inclusion criterion: sOTA improvement.

Answers

JFT — common questions

01

JFT— how many parameters does it have?

It has a parameter count of 44.7M. Uses ResNet-101 architecture, which has 44,654,504 parameters: https://resources.wolframcloud.com/NeuralNetRepository/resources/ResNet-101-Trained-on-ImageNet-Competition-Data/. That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.

02

JFT— who created it?

It was published by Google Research,Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), based in United States of America, an organisation categorised as industry,Academia.

03

JFT— when was it released?

It was published in July 2017. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

04

JFT— what is it used for?

It works in the domain of Vision, and is recorded as handling the task of image classification, Object detection, Semantic segmentation, Pose estimation. These are the areas it was designed around; they describe intent rather than a hard boundary.

05

JFT— how much compute was used to train it?

Training consumed around 8.4 × 10²⁰ FLOP, on hardware recorded as NVIDIA Tesla K80. That measures what producing the model cost and says nothing about how quickly it answers once trained — inference speed comes from memory bandwidth, not from the training budget.

06

JFT— what GPU do I need to run it?

None. This is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

07

JFT— is it open source?

The licensing was never recorded in our source data. We treat unstated licensing as closed, because an unrecorded licence is not one to rely on.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 25 May 2026

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