TransE

Closed weights Universite de Technologie de Compiègne – CNRS,Google 942M parameters December 2013

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
Universite de Technologie de Compiègne – CNRS,Google
Organisation type
Academia,Industry
Country
France, United States of America
Published
5 December 2013
Authors
Antoine Bordes, Nicolas Usunier, Alberto Garcia- Duran, Jason Weston, and Oksana Yakhnenko

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Language
Task
Entity embedding

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Parameters
942M

Based on the TransE architecture, the authors give a formula for how the model size scales with the dimensionality of the dataset. The model scale is proportional to: k*(n_e+n_r) where k is the embeddings dimension, n_e is the number of entities, and n_r is the number of relationships. They studied using the TransE model for two datasets: FB15k and FB1M. The FB15k model has 810000 parameters. FB15k has 14951 entities and 1345 relationships. FB1M has 1000000 entities and 23382 relationships. Th…

Training data
17,500,000 tokens

"it can be successfully trained on a large scale data set with 1M entities, 25k relationships and more than 17M training samples"

Training compute

The arithmetic performed to train the model, measured in floating-point operations. It is a measure of what the training run cost, not of how fast the finished model answers you.

Training compute
1.3 × 10¹⁸ FLOP

8 GPUs (they don't specify which, so I used the average for FP32 for 2017 from the write-up table) 8 hours 0.33 util rate

How it was established
Hardware

The training run

What it physically took to train: which chips, how many, for how long, and what that drew from the wall.

Compute cost
$30

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Frontier model
Yes
Why it is tracked
Highly cited
Record confidence
Speculative
Citations
8,347

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
Translating Embeddings for Modeling Multi- relational Data
Last updated
1 January 2026

What the numbers mean

Where it came from

TransE was published by Universite de Technologie de Compiègne – CNRS,Google, in France, in December 2013. The organisation is categorised as academia,Industry.

It works in Language, and is recorded as doing entity embedding.

This is a closed model: the trained values stayed with whoever produced them, and there is no local version to run.

Training and provenance

Training it took roughly 1.3 × 10¹⁸ FLOP of computation — a measure of what producing the model cost, not of how fast it answers.

Around 17,500,000 tokens went into training it.

Its inclusion criterion is highly cited.

Answers

TransE — common questions

01

How many parameters does TransE have?

TransE has 942M parameters. Based on the TransE architecture, the authors give a formula for how the model size scales with the dimensionality of the dataset. The model scale is proportional to: k*(n_e+n_r) where k is the embeddings dimension, n_e is the number of entities, and n_r is the number of relationships. They studied using the TransE model for two datasets: FB15k and FB1M. The FB15k model has 810000 parameters. FB15k has 14951 entities and 1345 relationships. FB1M has 1000000 entities and 23382 relationships. Therefore, the FB1M model will be bigger than the FB15k model by a factor of (23382e6)/(14951*1345) => N = 8.1e5 * (23382e6)/(14951*1345) = 942e6. That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.

02

Who created TransE?

TransE was published by Universite de Technologie de Compiègne – CNRS,Google, based in France, categorised as academia,Industry.

03

When was TransE released?

TransE was published in December 2013. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

04

What is TransE used for?

TransE works in Language, and is recorded as handling entity embedding. A model can carry several of each, so these are the areas it was built for rather than a limit on what it will attempt.

05

How much compute was used to train TransE?

Around 1.3 × 10¹⁸ FLOP. That measures what producing the model cost and says nothing about how quickly it answers once trained — inference speed comes from memory bandwidth, not from the training budget.

06

What GPU do I need to run TransE?

None. TransE is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

07

Is TransE open source?

The licensing for TransE was never recorded in our source data. We treat unstated licensing as closed, because an unrecorded licence is not one to rely on.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 1 January 2026

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