Hiero

Closed weights University of Maryland 120M parameters June 2005

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
University of Maryland
Organisation type
Academia
Country
United States of America
Published
1 June 2005
Authors
David Chiang

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Language
Task
Translation

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Parameters
120M

Very unsure, but the paper mentions "We ran the training process of Section 3 on the same data, obtaining a grammar of 24M rules" and "For our experiments we used the following features, analogous to Pharaoh’s default feature set: • P(γ | α) and P(α | γ), the latter of which is not found in the noisy-channel model, but has been previously found to be a helpful feature (Och and Ney, 2002); • the lexical weights Pw(γ | α) and Pw(α | γ) (Koehn et al., 2003), which estimate how well the words in …

Training data
tokens

[WORDS] 155M words dataset for the language model plus (7.2+9.2)M words for the translation model?

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Citations
1,487

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
A Hierarchical Phrase-Based Model for Statistical Machine Translation
Last updated
28 November 2025

What the numbers mean

Background

Hiero was published by University of Maryland, in United States of America, in June 2005. academia is the category the publisher falls under.

It works in Language, and is recorded as doing translation.

This is a closed model: the trained values stayed with whoever produced them, and there is no local version to run.

Answers

Hiero — common questions

01

What is Hiero used for?

Hiero works in Language, and is recorded as handling translation. These are the areas it was designed around; they describe intent rather than a hard boundary.

02

What GPU do I need to run Hiero?

None. Hiero is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

03

Is Hiero open source?

The licensing for Hiero was never recorded in our source data. We treat unstated licensing as closed, because an unrecorded licence is not one to rely on.

04

How many parameters does Hiero have?

Hiero has 120M parameters. Very unsure, but the paper mentions "We ran the training process of Section 3 on the same data, obtaining a grammar of 24M rules" and "For our experiments we used the following features, analogous to Pharaoh’s default feature set: • P(γ | α) and P(α | γ), the latter of which is not found in the noisy-channel model, but has been previously found to be a helpful feature (Och and Ney, 2002); • the lexical weights Pw(γ | α) and Pw(α | γ) (Koehn et al., 2003), which estimate how well the words in α translate the words in γ; 2 • a phrase penalty exp(1), which allows the model to learn a preference for longer or shorter derivations, analogous to Koehn’sphrase penalty (Koehn, 2003)." Suggesting 24M rules * 5 features per rule (?). That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.

05

Who created Hiero?

Hiero was published by University of Maryland, based in United States of America, categorised as academia.

06

When was Hiero released?

Hiero was published in June 2005. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 28 November 2025

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

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