Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I)

Closed weights Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) June 2004

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Organisation type
Academia
Country
United States of America
Published
14 June 2004
Authors
William Red L. Whittaker

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Driving
Task
Self-driving car

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Training data
tokens

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Record confidence
Unknown
Citations
66

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
DARPA Grand Challenge Technical Paper
Last updated
11 February 2026

What the numbers mean

Where it came from

Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I) was published by Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), in United States of America, in June 2004. The organisation is categorised as academia.

It works in Driving, and is recorded as doing self-driving car.

This is a closed model: the trained values stayed with whoever produced them, and there is no local version to run.

Answers

Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I) — common questions

01

What GPU do I need to run Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I)?

None. Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I) is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

02

Is Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I) open source?

The licensing for Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I) was never recorded in our source data. We treat unstated licensing as closed, because an unrecorded licence is not one to rely on.

03

How many parameters does Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I) have?

No parameter count has been published for Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I), which is why no memory or speed figure appears on this page.

04

Who created Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I)?

Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I) was published by Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), based in United States of America, categorised as academia.

05

When was Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I) released?

Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I) was published in June 2004. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

06

What is Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I) used for?

Sandstorm (DARPA Grand Challenge I) works in Driving, and is recorded as handling self-driving car. These are the areas it was designed around; they describe intent rather than a hard boundary.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 11 February 2026

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

This page starts from the model. If you already own a card and want to know everything it will run, start from the hardware instead.