Deep Blue
No estimate
No hardware requirements for this model
The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.
On record
Full specification
Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.
Origin
Who built this model, where, and when it was published.
- Organisation
- IBM
- Organisation type
- Industry
- Country
- United States of America
- Published
- 1 May 1997
- Authors
- Murray Campbell, A. Joseph Hoane Jr., Feng-hsiung Hsu
What it does
The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.
- Domain
- Games
- Task
- Chess
Size
How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.
- Parameters
- 8K
- Training data
- tokens
"The new chess chip had a completely redesigned evaluation function, going from around 6400 features to over 8000"
Availability
Whether you can obtain the model and run it on your own hardware, which is what decides if any of the graphics-card figures on this page apply.
- Weights
- Closed — provider access only
- Model access
- Unreleased
- Training code
- Unreleased
How it is classified
Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.
- Why it is tracked
- Historical significance,Highly cited
- Record confidence
- Speculative
- Citations
- 1,992
Defeated Kasparov in 1997, which was a famous AI milestone.
Sources
Where this record came from and when it was last checked.
- Reference
- Deep Blue
- Last updated
- 28 November 2025
What the numbers mean
What this model is
Deep Blue was published by IBM, in the country recorded as United States of America, during May 1997. It comes out of an organisation categorised as industry.
It works in the domain of Games, and is recorded as performing the task of chess.
Its weights were never published, so it can only be reached through its provider. No graphics card changes that.
What went into building it
The reason it appears in this catalogue at all: historical significance,Highly cited.
Answers
Deep Blue — common questions
Deep Blue— when was it released?
It was published in May 1997. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.
Deep Blue— what is it used for?
It works in the domain of Games, and is recorded as handling the task of chess. A model can carry several of each, so these are the areas it was built for rather than a limit on what it will attempt.
Deep Blue— what GPU do I need to run it?
None. This is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.
Deep Blue— is it open source?
No. Its weights have not been published, so it exists only as a service controlled by its owner.
Deep Blue— how many parameters does it have?
It has a parameter count of 8K. "The new chess chip had a completely redesigned evaluation function, going from around 6400 features to over 8000". That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.
Deep Blue— who created it?
It was published by IBM, based in United States of America, an organisation categorised as industry.
The other direction
Looking at it from the other side?
This page starts from the model. If you already own a card and want to know everything it will run, start from the hardware instead.