NETtalk reimplementation

Closed weights Oregon State University 27.5K parameters June 1990

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
Oregon State University
Organisation type
Academia
Country
United States of America
Published
1 June 1990
Authors
Thomas G. Dietterich, Hermann Hild, Ghulum Bakiri

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Speech
Task
Text-to-speech (TTS)

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Parameters
27.5K

203*120+120*26=27480 “203 input units, 120 hidden units, and 26 output units”

Training data
7,242 tokens

“This training set was further subdivided to extract smaller training sets of 1000, 800, 400, 200, 100, and 50 words“

Epochs
30

Training compute

The arithmetic performed to train the model, measured in floating-point operations. It is a measure of what the training run cost, not of how fast the finished model answers you.

Training compute
3.6 × 10¹⁰ FLOP

Updated FLOP estimate: 2*27480*3*1000*7.24*30=35811936000=3.6e10

How it was established
Operation counting

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Frontier model
Yes
Why it is tracked
Historical significance,Training cost
Record confidence
Confident

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
A Comparative Study of ID3 and Backpropagation for English Text-to-speech Mapping
Last updated
28 November 2025

What the numbers mean

What this model is

NETtalk reimplementation was published by Oregon State University, in United States of America, in June 1990. The organisation is categorised as academia.

It works in Speech, and is recorded as doing text-to-speech (TTS).

Because the weights are not available, none of the hardware figures elsewhere on this site apply to it.

How it was trained

Producing it required around 3.6 × 10¹⁰ FLOP of arithmetic, which is a statement about the training budget rather than about inference.

Around 7,242 tokens went into training it.

The reason it appears in this catalogue at all is historical significance,Training cost.

Answers

NETtalk reimplementation — common questions

01

Is NETtalk reimplementation open source?

The licensing for NETtalk reimplementation was never recorded in our source data. We treat unstated licensing as closed, because an unrecorded licence is not one to rely on.

02

How many parameters does NETtalk reimplementation have?

NETtalk reimplementation has 27.5K parameters. 203*120+120*26=27480 “203 input units, 120 hidden units, and 26 output units”. That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.

03

Who created NETtalk reimplementation?

NETtalk reimplementation was published by Oregon State University, based in United States of America, categorised as academia.

04

When was NETtalk reimplementation released?

NETtalk reimplementation was published in June 1990. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

05

What is NETtalk reimplementation used for?

NETtalk reimplementation works in Speech, and is recorded as handling text-to-speech (TTS). Models frequently carry more than one of each, and the tags describe purpose rather than capability limits.

06

How much compute was used to train NETtalk reimplementation?

Around 3.6 × 10¹⁰ FLOP. That measures what producing the model cost and says nothing about how quickly it answers once trained — inference speed comes from memory bandwidth, not from the training budget.

07

What GPU do I need to run NETtalk reimplementation?

None. NETtalk reimplementation is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 28 November 2025

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

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