Error Propagation

Closed weights University of California San Diego,Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) January 1986

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
University of California San Diego,Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Organisation type
Academia,Academia
Country
United States of America
Published
3 January 1986
Authors
D. E. Rumelhart, G. E. Hinton, and R. J. Williams

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Other
Task
Text classification, Image classification

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Training data
64 tokens

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Why it is tracked
Highly cited
Record confidence
Unknown
Citations
27,322

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
Learning internal representations by error propagation
Last updated
28 November 2025

What the numbers mean

What this model is

Error Propagation was published by University of California San Diego,Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), in the country recorded as United States of America, during January 1986. The publishing organisation is categorised as academia,Academia.

It works in the domain of Other, and is recorded as performing the task of text classification, Image classification.

Its weights were never published, so it can only be reached through its provider. No graphics card changes that.

Training and provenance

It was trained on a corpus of about 64 tokens of text.

Its inclusion criterion: highly cited.

Answers

Error Propagation — common questions

01

Error Propagation— who created it?

It was published by University of California San Diego,Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), based in United States of America, an organisation categorised as academia,Academia.

02

Error Propagation— when was it released?

It was published in January 1986. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

03

Error Propagation— what is it used for?

It works in the domain of Other, and is recorded as handling the task of text classification, Image classification. Models frequently carry more than one of each, and the tags describe purpose rather than capability limits.

04

Error Propagation— what GPU do I need to run it?

None. This is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

05

Error Propagation— is it open source?

The licensing was never recorded in our source data. We treat unstated licensing as closed, because an unrecorded licence is not one to rely on.

06

Error Propagation— how many parameters does it have?

No parameter count has been published for it, which is why no memory or speed figure appears on this page.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 28 November 2025

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

This page starts from the model. If you already own a card and want to know everything it will run, start from the hardware instead.