MENACE

Closed weights University of Edinburgh November 1963

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
University of Edinburgh
Organisation type
Academia
Country
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Published
1 November 1963
Authors
Donald Michie

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Games
Task
Tic Tac Toe

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Training data
tokens

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Record confidence
Unknown
Citations
46

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
Experiments on the Mechanization of Game-Learning Part I. Characterization of the Model and its parameters
Last updated
28 November 2025

What the numbers mean

Where it came from

MENACE was published by University of Edinburgh, in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, in November 1963. It comes out of academia.

It works in Games, and is recorded as doing tic Tac Toe.

Because the weights are not available, none of the hardware figures elsewhere on this site apply to it.

Answers

MENACE — common questions

01

Is MENACE open source?

The licensing for MENACE was never recorded in our source data. We treat unstated licensing as closed, because an unrecorded licence is not one to rely on.

02

How many parameters does MENACE have?

No parameter count has been published for MENACE, which is why no memory or speed figure appears on this page.

03

Who created MENACE?

MENACE was published by University of Edinburgh, based in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, categorised as academia.

04

When was MENACE released?

MENACE was published in November 1963. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

05

What is MENACE used for?

MENACE works in Games, and is recorded as handling tic Tac Toe. Models frequently carry more than one of each, and the tags describe purpose rather than capability limits.

06

What GPU do I need to run MENACE?

None. MENACE is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 28 November 2025

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

This page starts from the model. If you already own a card and want to know everything it will run, start from the hardware instead.