Theseus

Closed weights Bell Laboratories 0K parameters July 1950

No estimate

No hardware requirements for this model

The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation
Bell Laboratories
Organisation type
Industry
Country
United States of America
Published
2 July 1950
Authors
Claude Shannon

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain
Robotics
Task
Maze solving

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Parameters
0K

The learned part is the maze configuration. There are 25 squares of the maze. The 16 squares to the left top corner have each one adjacent square down and one adjacent square up, for a total of 16*2 walls. We only need to count the 8 spare walls connecting the squares in the right side and the bottom side. In total there are 16*2+8 walls.

Training data
40 tokens

Each wall Theseus bumps into is a datapoint

Training compute

The arithmetic performed to train the model, measured in floating-point operations. It is a measure of what the training run cost, not of how fast the finished model answers you.

Training compute
4 × 10¹ FLOP

The "training" consists on the mouse running around and checking each wall (assuming each relay switch is one operation).

How it was established
Other

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Frontier model
Yes
Why it is tracked
Historical significance
Record confidence
Confident

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference
Mighty Mouse
Last updated
28 November 2025

What the numbers mean

Background

Theseus was published by Bell Laboratories, in United States of America, in July 1950. industry is the category the publisher falls under.

It works in Robotics, and is recorded as doing maze solving.

Because the weights are not available, none of the hardware figures elsewhere on this site apply to it.

What went into building it

Producing it required around 4 × 10¹ FLOP of arithmetic, which is a statement about the training budget rather than about inference.

Around 40 tokens went into training it.

It is tracked in the underlying dataset for one reason in particular: historical significance.

Answers

Theseus — common questions

01

Is Theseus open source?

The licensing for Theseus was never recorded in our source data. We treat unstated licensing as closed, because an unrecorded licence is not one to rely on.

02

How many parameters does Theseus have?

Theseus has 0K parameters. The learned part is the maze configuration. There are 25 squares of the maze. The 16 squares to the left top corner have each one adjacent square down and one adjacent square up, for a total of 16*2 walls. We only need to count the 8 spare walls connecting the squares in the right side and the bottom side. In total there are 16*2+8 walls. That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.

03

Who created Theseus?

Theseus was published by Bell Laboratories, based in United States of America, categorised as industry.

04

When was Theseus released?

Theseus was published in July 1950. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

05

What is Theseus used for?

Theseus works in Robotics, and is recorded as handling maze solving. These are the areas it was designed around; they describe intent rather than a hard boundary.

06

How much compute was used to train Theseus?

Around 4 × 10¹ FLOP. That measures what producing the model cost and says nothing about how quickly it answers once trained — inference speed comes from memory bandwidth, not from the training budget.

07

What GPU do I need to run Theseus?

None. Theseus is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 28 November 2025

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

This page starts from the model. If you already own a card and want to know everything it will run, start from the hardware instead.