o3
No estimate
No hardware requirements for this model
The weights for this model have not been published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any size. It is reachable only through its provider, and no graphics card changes that.
On record
Full specification
Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.
Origin
Who built this model, where, and when it was published.
- Organisation
- OpenAI
- Organisation type
- Industry
- Country
- United States of America
- Published
- 20 December 2024
What it does
The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.
- Domain
- Language, Vision, Multimodal
- Task
- Language modeling/generation, Question answering, Quantitative reasoning, Code generation, Visual question answering, Search, Instruction interpretation, Visual puzzles
Size
How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.
- Training data
- tokens
Availability
Whether you can obtain the model and run it on your own hardware, which is what decides if any of the graphics-card figures on this page apply.
- Weights
- Closed — provider access only
- Model access
- API access
- Training code
- Unreleased
"Both o3 and o4-mini are also available to developers today via the Chat Completions API and Responses API (some developers will need to verify their organizations(opens in a new window) to access these models)"
How it is classified
Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.
- Likely above 10²³ FLOP
- Yes
- Why it is tracked
- Significant use
- Record confidence
- Unknown
Sources
Where this record came from and when it was last checked.
- Reference
- Our most powerful reasoning model with leading performance on coding, math, science, and vision
- Last updated
- 10 February 2026
What the numbers mean
About this model
o3 was published by OpenAI, in United States of America, in December 2024. It comes out of industry.
It works in Language, Vision, Multimodal, and is recorded as doing language modeling/generation, Question answering, Quantitative reasoning, Code generation, Visual question answering, Search, Instruction interpretation, Visual puzzles.
Because the weights are not available, none of the hardware figures elsewhere on this site apply to it.
How it was trained
The reason it appears in this catalogue at all is significant use.
Answers
o3 — common questions
When was o3 released?
o3 was published in December 2024. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.
What is o3 used for?
o3 works in Language, Vision, Multimodal, and is recorded as handling language modeling/generation, Question answering, Quantitative reasoning, Code generation, Visual question answering, Search, Instruction interpretation, Visual puzzles. These are the areas it was designed around; they describe intent rather than a hard boundary.
What GPU do I need to run o3?
None. o3 is a closed model — its weights were never published, so it cannot be downloaded or run on your own hardware at any price. It is reachable only through its provider.
Is o3 open source?
No. o3 has not had its weights published, so it exists only as a service controlled by its owner.
How many parameters does o3 have?
No parameter count has been published for o3, which is why no memory or speed figure appears on this page.
Who created o3?
o3 was published by OpenAI, based in United States of America, categorised as industry.
The other direction
Looking at it from the other side?
This page starts from the model. If you already own a card and want to know everything it will run, start from the hardware instead.