LUKE TPS calculator

Open weights University of Washington,National Institute of Informatics 483M parameters October 2020

Each card below is assessed against this model at the context length and minimum quality you choose. Speed is an estimate for a single request, calculated from the card's memory bandwidth and the size of the model once compressed.

Calculated for this model

818 cards that can run it

818 cards we hold specifications for

Smallest card that fits

Tesla C1080

4 GB · Q8_0 · 76.3 tok/s

Fastest card

B200

7,015 tok/s · 180 GB

Which GPUs can run LUKE?

Set the inputs, read the answer

Context length tokens

A longer conversation needs more memory, which can push this model off smaller cards.

Minimum quality

Hides cards that would only fit the model by compressing it below this point.

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Card memory

Also show cards that cannot run it

818 cards match

Calculating

					Needs	Quantisation	Fit
7,015 tok/s 4,209–11,224 · low confidence	B200 NVIDIA	180 GB	8,000 GB/s	Jan 2024	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
7,015 tok/s 4,209–11,224 · low confidence	B300 NVIDIA	288 GB	8,000 GB/s	Sep 2025	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
5,602 tok/s 3,361–8,963 · low confidence	Radeon Instinct MI350X AMD	288 GB	8,190 GB/s	Jan 2025	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
5,602 tok/s 3,361–8,963 · low confidence	Radeon Instinct MI355X AMD	288 GB	8,190 GB/s	Jan 2025	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
4,480 tok/s 2,688–7,168 · low confidence	Radeon Instinct MI300 AMD	128 GB	6,550 GB/s	Jan 2023	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
4,288 tok/s 2,573–6,861 · low confidence	H200 NVL NVIDIA	141 GB	4,890 GB/s	Nov 2024	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
4,288 tok/s 2,573–6,861 · low confidence	H200 SXM 141 GB NVIDIA	141 GB	4,890 GB/s	Nov 2024	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
4,104 tok/s 2,462–6,566 · low confidence	Radeon Instinct MI325X AMD	256 GB	6,000 GB/s	Oct 2024	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
3,642 tok/s 2,185–5,827 · low confidence	Radeon Instinct MI300A AMD	128 GB	5,325 GB/s	Dec 2023	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
3,642 tok/s 2,185–5,827 · low confidence	Radeon Instinct MI300X AMD	192 GB	5,325 GB/s	Dec 2023	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
3,642 tok/s 2,185–5,827 · low confidence	Radeon Instinct MI308X AMD	192 GB	5,325 GB/s	Dec 2023	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
3,455 tok/s 2,073–5,528 · low confidence	H100 NVL 94 GB NVIDIA	94 GB	3,940 GB/s	Mar 2023	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
2,946 tok/s 1,768–4,714 · low confidence	H100 PCIe 96 GB NVIDIA	96 GB	3,360 GB/s	Mar 2023	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
2,946 tok/s 1,768–4,714 · low confidence	H100 SXM5 80 GB NVIDIA	80 GB	3,360 GB/s	Oct 2022	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
2,946 tok/s 1,768–4,714 · low confidence	H100 SXM5 94 GB NVIDIA	94 GB	3,360 GB/s	Mar 2023	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
2,946 tok/s 1,768–4,714 · low confidence	H100 SXM5 96 GB NVIDIA	96 GB	3,360 GB/s	Mar 2023	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
2,946 tok/s 1,768–4,714 · low confidence	H800 SXM5 NVIDIA	80 GB	3,360 GB/s	Mar 2023	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
2,243 tok/s 1,346–3,589 · low confidence	Radeon Instinct MI250 AMD	128 GB	3,280 GB/s	Nov 2021	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
2,243 tok/s 1,346–3,589 · low confidence	Radeon Instinct MI250X AMD	128 GB	3,280 GB/s	Nov 2021	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
1,869 tok/s 1,122–2,991 · low confidence	Data Center GPU Max 1550 Intel	128 GB	3,280 GB/s	Jan 2023	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
1,830 tok/s 1,098–2,927 · low confidence	Data Center GPU Max Subsystem Intel	128 GB	3,210 GB/s	Jan 2023	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
1,789 tok/s 1,073–2,862 · low confidence	A100 SXM4 80 GB NVIDIA	80 GB	2,040 GB/s	Nov 2020	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
1,789 tok/s 1,073–2,862 · low confidence	A100X NVIDIA	80 GB	2,040 GB/s	Jun 2021	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
1,789 tok/s 1,073–2,862 · low confidence	A800 SXM4 80 GB NVIDIA	80 GB	2,040 GB/s	Aug 2022	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable
1,789 tok/s 1,073–2,862 · low confidence	H100 CNX NVIDIA	80 GB	2,040 GB/s	Mar 2023	1.2 GB	Q8_0	Comfortable

Speeds are estimates for a single request — one conversation at a time — calculated from memory bandwidth, model size and quantisation. Real throughput varies with the inference runtime and its version. Figures published by hardware vendors measure many simultaneous requests and are much higher.

On record

Full specification

Everything on record for this model. Most of it describes how it was trained rather than how it runs — useful context for judging how much work went into it, and how it compares with models built at a different scale.

Origin

Who built this model, where, and when it was published.

Organisation: University of Washington,National Institute of Informatics
Organisation type: Academia
Country: United States of America, Japan
Published: 2 October 2020
Authors: Ikuya Yamada, Akari Asai, Hiroyuki Shindo, Hideaki Takeda, Yuji Matsumoto

What it does

The problem areas the model was built for. A model can carry several of each.

Domain: Language
Task: Question answering, Relation extraction, Named entity recognition (NER)
Base model: RoBERTa Large
Numerical format: FP16

Size

How large the model is and how much data it was trained on. Parameters are the figure that decides whether it fits on a given graphics card.

Parameters: 483M
Training data: 4,666,666,667 tokens
Epochs: 90
Batch size: 2,048

Training compute

The arithmetic performed to train the model, measured in floating-point operations. It is a measure of what the training run cost, not of how fast the finished model answers you.

Training compute: 1.8 × 10²² FLOP
How it was established: Hardware

The training run

What it physically took to train: which chips, how many, for how long, and what that drew from the wall.

Training hardware: NVIDIA V100
Chips used: 16
Chip-hours: 11,520
Wall-clock time: 720 hours (30 days)
Power draw: 9.8 kW
Compute cost: $4,186

Availability

Whether you can obtain the model and run it on your own hardware, which is what decides if any of the graphics-card figures on this page apply.

Weights: Open — downloadable
Model access: Open weights (unrestricted)
Training code: Open source

How it is classified

Labels the source dataset applies when tracking notable models, and how confident it is in the entry.

Why it is tracked: SOTA improvement
Record confidence: Likely
Citations: 766

Sources

Where this record came from and when it was last checked.

Reference: LUKE: Deep Contextualized Entity Representations with Entity-aware Self-attention
Last updated: 25 May 2026

The extremes

The ten fastest GPUs that run LUKE

Ranked by estimated tokens per second, newest card first where speeds tie. Because generation is bound by memory bandwidth, this ordering follows bandwidth rather than any gaming benchmark.

The smallest GPUs that still run LUKE

The cheapest route in, by memory capacity. A tight fit runs the model but leaves nothing spare for a longer conversation.

What the numbers mean

What you need to run it

Minimum card

Tesla C1080

Memory needed

1.2 GB

Fastest

7,015 tok/s

LUKE reaches a parameter count of 483M. That is small enough that hardware is rarely the obstacle, including on cards several years old. The number of cards we track that can run it: 818.

The least hardware that works is Tesla C1080, with a memory capacity of 4 GB, running it at a compression of Q8_0 and producing around 76.3 tokens per second.

Top of the range is B200, generating roughly 7,015 tokens per second on the strength of a memory bandwidth of 8,000 GB/s.

What this model is

LUKE was published by University of Washington,National Institute of Informatics, in the country recorded as United States of America, during October 2020. The publishing organisation is categorised as academia.

It works in the domain of Language, and is recorded as performing the task of question answering, Relation extraction, Named entity recognition (NER).

It builds on RoBERTa Large. That is the usual way a specialised model is produced.

The weights are published, so it can be downloaded and run on your own hardware indefinitely, offline, with no account attached.

What decides the speed

Half the cards that hold it manage more than 197.0 tokens per second. Producing text faster than most people read it: 816 of them.

Every weight participates in every token here, so bandwidth is the whole story: the ranking below is effectively a ranking of memory throughput.

Without the attention layout on record, the memory column is an approximation. It is close enough to choose hardware by, and least reliable at long context.

What went into building it

Producing it required arithmetic totalling around 1.8 × 10²² FLOP, on hardware recorded as NVIDIA V100. That figure measures what producing the model cost, and has no bearing on how fast it answers.

Training consumed a corpus of around 4,666,666,667 tokens of text.

Its inclusion criterion: sOTA improvement.

Step by step

How to choose a GPU for LUKE

The table above has already assessed every card we hold specifications for against this model. Getting to your answer takes six steps.

01

Check what it needs before anything else

Start from what it actually needs, which is the requirement of LUKE, needing around 1.2 GB at a compression of Q8_0. That figure, not the headline performance of a card, is what decides whether it runs.
02

Match the context to your actual use

The conversation occupies memory too, and grows as it goes. Set the slider to the length you expect, because at long context a card that handles short questions easily can be dropped by LUKE.
03

Choose how far you will compress it

Each card runs the least-compressed copy it can hold, reaching a compression of Q8_0 on the smallest card that fits. Setting a minimum quality drops the cards that only manage it by squeezing further than you would want, and holds the comparison at one level.
04

Rank by throughput rather than spec sheet

The speed ordering is effectively an ordering by memory bandwidth, for LUKE. It will not match a gaming ordering, because generation is bound by memory bandwidth. The card topping the list is B200, at 7,015 tok/s.
05

Read the fit column last

The fit column separates cards that just manage it from those with room to spare, in the case of LUKE. Comfortable means you can grow the context later. That difference matters more than a few tokens per second, so buy for comfortable if you expect to.
06

See what else that card runs

Following a card through to its own page shows every other model it can hold, which is the question that follows once you have settled on LUKE.

Answers

LUKE — common questions

LUKE— how much VRAM does it need?

It needs about 1.2 GB at a compression of Q8_0, which is what the smallest card that runs it uses. Less compression needs more: the figures in the memory column above are recalculated for each card, because each one holds the least-compressed version it can.

LUKE— can I run it on a GPU holding 8 GB?

Yes. The card CMP 170HX 8 GB, holding 8 GB, runs it at a compression of Q8_0, using about 1.2 GB and generating roughly 1,307 tokens per second. The fit is comfortable.

LUKE— can I run it on a GPU holding 12 GB?

Yes. The card GeForce RTX 3080 Ti, holding 12 GB, runs it at a compression of Q8_0, using about 1.2 GB and generating roughly 800 tokens per second. The fit is comfortable.

LUKE— can I run it on a GPU holding 16 GB?

Yes. The card Tesla V100 SXM2 16 GB, holding 16 GB, runs it at a compression of Q8_0, using about 1.2 GB and generating roughly 991 tokens per second. The fit is comfortable.

LUKE— can I run it on a GPU holding 24 GB?

Yes. The card GeForce RTX 5090 D V2, holding 24 GB, runs it at a compression of Q8_0, using about 1.2 GB and generating roughly 1,175 tokens per second. The fit is comfortable.

LUKE— is it open source?

Its weights are published, so it can be downloaded and run on your own hardware. Note that open weights is not the same as open source in the full sense — it says nothing about the training data, the training code, or the commercial terms attached.

LUKE— how many parameters does it have?

It has a parameter count of 483M. "The total number of parameters is approximately 483 M, consisting of 355 M in RoBERTa and 128 M in our entity embeddings". That figure is the total, and it is what decides how much memory the model needs — roughly half a gigabyte per billion at the compression most people use.

LUKE— who created it?

It was published by University of Washington,National Institute of Informatics, based in United States of America, an organisation categorised as academia.

LUKE— when was it released?

It was published in October 2020. Capability per parameter has improved considerably since, so a newer model of the same size is often the better use of the same hardware.

LUKE— what is it used for?

It works in the domain of Language, and is recorded as handling the task of question answering, Relation extraction, Named entity recognition (NER). These are the areas it was designed around; they describe intent rather than a hard boundary.

LUKE— where can I download it?

The weights are published, though we do not hold a repository link for it. This site calculates hardware requirements rather than hosting model files.

LUKE— how much compute was used to train it?

Training consumed around 1.8 × 10²² FLOP, on hardware recorded as NVIDIA V100. That measures what producing the model cost and says nothing about how quickly it answers once trained — inference speed comes from memory bandwidth, not from the training budget.

LUKE— can I run it if it does not fit in my GPU?

Partly. Layers that do not fit sit in system memory and run at a fraction of the speed, so a mostly-offloaded model is rarely worth using. Every figure here assumes the whole model is resident on the card.

LUKE— would two GPUs run it faster?

Two cards buy memory rather than speed, which matters only if one card cannot hold it. The number that can: 818. So a second card is rarely the answer here.

LUKE— why does the quantisation differ between cards?

A larger card holds a more accurate copy. The number of compression levels used across the cards that run it: 1. Bigger cards get the more accurate version, and the quality floor above pins the comparison to one level.

LUKE— how accurate are these speed estimates?

They are calculated from specifications rather than measured, and each carries a range. One example: 4,209–11,224 tok/s on B200. The same model and card vary by thirty to fifty per cent depending on the inference software and its version.

LUKE— what GPU do I need to run it?

The smallest card in our catalogue that holds it is Tesla C1080, with a memory capacity of 4 GB. It runs the model at a compression of Q8_0 using about 1.2 GB, and produces roughly 76.3 tokens per second. The number of cards able to run it in total: 818.

LUKE— how fast is it on a GPU?

It depends on the card. The quickest we calculate is B200, at about 7,015 tokens per second; the slowest that still runs it manages considerably less. Reading speed is around ten tokens per second, and the number of cards clearing that: 816.

Source

Original publication

Record last updated 25 May 2026

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