Calculate the TPS of the Radeon Instinct MI250X on local AI models
Every model in our catalogue assessed against this card at the context length and minimum quality you choose. Speed is an estimate for a single request, calculated from this card's memory bandwidth and the size of each model once compressed.
Calculated for this card
Largest model it holds
Solar Open2 250B
250.3B · Q3_K_M · 64.9 tok/s
Fastest model
Gemma 3 QAT 1B
1,084 tok/s · 1B
What AI models can a Radeon Instinct MI250X run?
Set the inputs, read the answer
More context means more memory for the conversation cache. Speed is for a fresh conversation and does not change with this setting.
Hides models that would only fit by being compressed below this point.
624 models match
Calculating| Quantisation | Fit | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1,084
tok/s
650–1,734 · low confidence |
Gemma 3 1B | 1B | Mar 2025 | 1.8 GB | 33k tokens | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
1,084
tok/s
650–1,734 · low confidence |
Gemma 3 QAT 1B | 1B | Apr 2025 | 1.8 GB | 33k tokens | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
1,084
tok/s
650–1,734 · low confidence |
HGRN 1B (WT 103) ≈ | 1B | Nov 2023 | 1.8 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
1,084
tok/s
650–1,734 · low confidence |
LLama 3..2 Typhoon 2 1B ≈ | 1B | Dec 2024 | 1.8 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
1,084
tok/s
650–1,734 · low confidence |
OLMo-1B ≈ | 1B | Feb 2024 | 1.8 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
1,084
tok/s
650–1,734 · low confidence |
Pythia-1b ≈ | 1B | Apr 2023 | 1.8 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
1,003
tok/s
602–1,605 · low confidence |
OpenELM-1.1B ≈ | 1.1B | May 2024 | 1.9 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
985
tok/s
591–1,576 · low confidence |
DeciCoder-1B ≈ | 1.1B | Aug 2023 | 1.9 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
985
tok/s
591–1,576 · low confidence |
SantaCoder ≈ | 1.1B | Jan 2023 | 1.9 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
985
tok/s
591–1,576 · low confidence |
TinyLlama-1.1B (1T token checkpoint) ≈ | 1.1B | Oct 2023 | 1.9 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
985
tok/s
591–1,576 · low confidence |
TinyLlama-1.1B (3T token checkpoint) ≈ | 1.1B | Oct 2023 | 1.9 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
903
tok/s
542–1,445 · low confidence |
EXAONE 4.0 (1.2B) ≈ | 1.2B | Jul 2025 | 2.0 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
903
tok/s
542–1,445 · low confidence |
MinerU2.5 ≈ | 1.2B | Sep 2025 | 2.0 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
903
tok/s
542–1,445 · low confidence |
Pleias 1.0 1.2B ≈ | 1.2B | Dec 2024 | 2.0 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
903
tok/s
542–1,445 · low confidence |
Pleias-RAG-1B ≈ | 1.2B | Apr 2025 | 2.0 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
881
tok/s
529–1,410 · low confidence |
Llama 3.2 1B | 1.2B | Sep 2024 | 2.2 GB | 131k tokens | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
869
tok/s
521–1,390 · low confidence |
MiniCPM-1.2B ≈ | 1.2B | Jun 2024 | 2.0 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
834
tok/s
500–1,334 · low confidence |
DeepSeek Coder 1.3B ≈ | 1.3B | Jan 2024 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
834
tok/s
500–1,334 · low confidence |
DeepSeek-VL-1.3B ≈ | 1.3B | Mar 2024 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
834
tok/s
500–1,334 · low confidence |
DigiRL ≈ | 1.3B | Jun 2024 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
834
tok/s
500–1,334 · low confidence |
GLA Transformer 1.3B ≈ | 1.3B | Aug 2024 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
834
tok/s
500–1,334 · low confidence |
Janus 1.3B ≈ | 1.3B | Oct 2024 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
834
tok/s
500–1,334 · low confidence |
Kosmos-2.5 ≈ | 1.3B | Aug 2024 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
834
tok/s
500–1,334 · low confidence |
Otter ≈ | 1.3B | May 2023 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
834
tok/s
500–1,334 · low confidence |
Phi-1 ≈ | 1.3B | Oct 2023 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
Speeds are estimates for a single request — one conversation at a time — calculated from memory bandwidth, model size and quantisation. Real throughput varies with the inference runtime and its version. Figures published by hardware vendors measure many simultaneous requests and are much higher.
On record
Radeon Instinct MI250X full specification
Everything on record for this board, ordered by how much it bears on running a language model rather than by how a spec sheet would list it. Memory comes first because it decides the outcome; the rest is context.
Memory
The two specifications that decide what this card can run and how quickly. Capacity sets which models fit; bandwidth sets how many tokens per second they produce once they do.
- Memory size
- 128 GB
- Memory bandwidth
- 3,280 GB/s
- Memory type
- HBM2e
- Memory bus width
- 8,192 bit
- Memory clock
- 1.6 GHz
The chip
Which processor is on the board and how it was manufactured. A smaller process size generally means more performance for the same power.
- Graphics processor
- Aldebaran
- Architecture
- CDNA 2.0
- Generation
- Radeon Instinct(MIx)
- Foundry
- TSMC
- Process size
- 6 nm
- Transistors
- 58.2 billion
- Transistor density
- 80,400 K/mm²
- Die size
- 724 mm²
- Released
- 8 November 2021
Clock speeds
How fast the processor runs. Worth far less here than on a gaming benchmark: generating text is limited by memory bandwidth, so a higher clock barely moves the result.
- Base clock
- 1 GHz
- Boost clock
- 1.7 GHz
Processing units
What the chip contains. These drive graphics performance and matter mainly for processing a long prompt rather than for producing the answer.
- Shading units
- 14,080
- Texture mapping units
- 880
- L1 cache
- 16 KB
- L2 cache
- 16 MB
Theoretical performance
Peak arithmetic rates published for the board. These are ceilings that no real workload reaches, and generating text reaches a small fraction of them because it is limited by memory rather than arithmetic.
- Half precision (FP16)
- 383 TFLOPS
- Single precision (FP32)
- 47.9 TFLOPS
- Double precision (FP64)
- 47.9 TFLOPS
- Texture rate
- 1,496 GTexel/s
The board
What it takes to physically install and power the card — the practical constraints that decide whether it fits the machine you already own.
- Power draw (TDP)
- 500 W
- Suggested power supply
- 900 W
- Power connectors
- 2x 8-pin
- Bus interface
- PCIe 4.0 x16
- Slot width
- Dual-slot
- Dimensions
- 267 mm
Software support
Which graphics and compute interfaces the card supports. CUDA compute capability is the one that bears on inference: below 7.0 there are no tensor cores, and modern inference software falls back to slower code paths.
- OpenCL
- 3.0
Listings
Where to buy a Radeon Instinct MI250X
No vendor is currently listing this card. Listings come from vendors who publish them here directly — browse the vendor directory to see who is selling what.
What the numbers mean
What the memory subsystem means for AI
Memory
128 GB
Bandwidth
3,280 GB/s
Largest model
Solar Open2 250B
With 128 GB of HBM2e, the Radeon Instinct MI250X is in the class of hardware that holds the largest open-weight models without splitting them across machines. Roughly 115.2 GB of that is reachable by an inference runtime once the driver takes its share.
Its 3,280 GB/s across a 8,192-bit bus is at the top of what exists. Since each token means reading the whole model out of memory once, that translates almost directly into generation speed — this card is bandwidth-rich enough that model size stops being the limiting factor long before the bus does.
Bandwidth is clock times bus width, and this card clocks its memory at 1.6 GHz. Both halves matter, and neither is visible in a gaming benchmark.
The practical ceiling is Solar Open2 250B at 250.3B, held at Q3_K_M and running at roughly 64.9 tokens per second.
The chip and how it was built
The Radeon Instinct MI250X is built on the Aldebaran graphics processor, using AMD's CDNA 2.0 architecture, as part of the Radeon Instinct(MIx) generation.
The chip is manufactured by TSMC, on a 6 nm process, with a die measuring 724 mm², holding 58.2 billion transistors. A smaller process generally means more performance for the same power, though for language models it matters far less than the memory subsystem.
It was released in November 2021, roughly 4 years ago. Inference software support tends to follow hardware by a year or two, so a card of this age generally has mature, well-optimised code paths available to it.
Compute throughput, and why it matters less than it looks
FP16
383 TFLOPS
FP64
47.9 TFLOPS
On paper the Radeon Instinct MI250X reaches 383 TFLOPS at half precision and 47.9 TFLOPS at single precision. These are peak figures no real workload sustains, and generating text reaches only a small fraction of them — decoding is limited by memory rather than arithmetic, which is why a card can look enormously powerful here and still produce tokens at an ordinary rate.
Double-precision throughput is 47.9 TFLOPS. It has no bearing on running a language model — no inference runtime uses it — but it separates datacentre parts from consumer ones, since the latter deliberately restrict it.
Clocks run from 1 GHz at base to 1.7 GHz boosted. Worth far less here than on a gaming benchmark: raising the clock speeds up the arithmetic, and the arithmetic is not what generation is waiting on.
Cache and processing units
The Radeon Instinct MI250X has 16 KB of L1 cache, backed by 16 MB of L2. Cache absorbs a share of the memory traffic that would otherwise hit the main bus, which is the one place on this page where a number other than bandwidth quietly affects generation speed — a large L2 lets more of the working set stay close to the cores.
There are 14,080 shading units, 880 texture mapping units. These drive graphics workloads and contribute to prompt processing, but they sit idle for much of the time a model spends generating a reply.
Power, size and installation
Power draw
500 W
The Radeon Instinct MI250X is rated at 500 W, with a 900 W power supply suggested for the whole system. Running a language model keeps a card busy in bursts rather than continuously — it draws hard while generating and idles between requests — so sustained draw over a working day is usually well below the rated figure.
The board occupies a dual-slot, measuring 267 mm long, and needs 2x 8-pin. Worth checking against the case and power supply already in the machine, since the largest cards need considerably more of both than a typical desktop provides.
It connects over PCIe 4.0 x16. The interface governs how quickly a model is loaded from disk into the card, not how fast it runs once there, so a narrower link costs a few seconds at startup and nothing thereafter.
The extremes
The largest AI models a Radeon Instinct MI250X can run
The biggest open-weight models that fit on this card, newest first. Each is shown at the best compression the card can hold.
The fastest AI models on a Radeon Instinct MI250X
Where this card produces tokens quickest. Smaller models dominate here, because generating each token means reading the whole model out of memory once.
Step by step
How to work out the tokens per second of a Radeon Instinct MI250X
You do not have to calculate anything by hand — the gputps.com calculator on this page has already worked it out for every model this card can hold. Reading off the answer takes six steps.
-
01
Find the model in the table
Every one of the 624 models this Radeon Instinct MI250X runs is in the table above. Search narrows it by name or by size.
-
02
Match the context to your work
Set the context to your real working length. Short questions cost almost nothing; a long document can consume a large share of the card's 128 GB.
-
03
Set a minimum quality if you need one
By default the table picks the least-compressed copy that fits. Setting a floor removes models that only qualify through heavy compression.
-
04
Take the range as the answer
Each speed is an estimate for a single conversation, with a range beneath it — 1,084 tok/s on Gemma 3 QAT 1B at the top end here. The same card and model vary by thirty to fifty per cent between inference runtimes.
-
05
Check the memory column before committing
A tight fit runs but leaves no room to raise the context later; comfortable has headroom. The memory column shows what each model needs against the 128 GB available.
-
06
Check the same model from the other side
Following a model through to its own page lists all the hardware that can run it, so you can see where the Radeon Instinct MI250X sits against the alternatives.
Answers
Radeon Instinct MI250X — common questions
How much cache does a Radeon Instinct MI250X have?
The Radeon Instinct MI250X has 16 KB of L1 cache, and 16 MB of L2 cache. Cache absorbs part of the memory traffic that would otherwise reach the main bus, so a larger L2 gives a modest lift to generation speed beyond what bandwidth alone predicts.
What are the TFLOPS of a Radeon Instinct MI250X?
The Radeon Instinct MI250X is rated at 383 TFLOPS at half precision and 47.9 TFLOPS at single precision. These are peak arithmetic ceilings rather than achievable rates, and text generation reaches only a small fraction of them because it is limited by memory bandwidth instead.
Does the Radeon Instinct MI250X support CUDA?
No. CUDA is NVIDIA-only, and the Radeon Instinct MI250X is a AMD card. It runs language models through ROCm, Vulkan or Metal depending on the software, which are less mature than the CUDA path — our estimates apply a penalty for that.
What bus interface does the Radeon Instinct MI250X use?
It uses PCIe 4.0 x16. This governs how fast a model is loaded onto the card rather than how fast it runs once loaded, so it costs a few seconds at startup and nothing during generation.
Is the Radeon Instinct MI250X good for running local AI models?
Its memory is large enough for models most desktop hardware cannot touch and its bandwidth puts it among the fastest hardware available for generation. In total it runs 624 of the models we track. Whether that is enough depends entirely on which model you want — the table above answers that directly.
Can a Radeon Instinct MI250X run a model that does not fit in its memory?
Only partly. Layers beyond the 128 GB sit in system memory and run at a fraction of the speed, so a mostly-offloaded model is rarely worth using. Every figure here assumes it is fully resident on the card.
Would two Radeon Instinct MI250X cards be twice as fast?
Pairing Radeon Instinct MI250X cards buys headroom rather than pace: 256 GB of combined memory, at roughly the same generation speed as one.
What AI models can a Radeon Instinct MI250X run?
624 of the 679 open-weight language models we track fit on a Radeon Instinct MI250X and can be run locally on it. The table on this page lists every one, with the memory it needs, the quantisation it runs at and an estimated generation speed.
What is the largest AI model a Radeon Instinct MI250X can run?
The largest model in our catalogue that fits on a Radeon Instinct MI250X is Solar Open2 250B at 250.3B parameters, compressed to Q3_K_M. It generates roughly 64.9 tokens per second and needs about 106.6 GB of the card's memory.
How many tokens per second does a Radeon Instinct MI250X produce?
It depends on the model. On a Radeon Instinct MI250X the fastest model we track is Gemma 3 QAT 1B at about 1,084 tokens per second, while larger models run proportionally slower because each token requires reading the whole model out of memory once. Speeds are estimates for a single conversation at a time.
Can a Radeon Instinct MI250X run a 7B model?
Yes. For example a Radeon Instinct MI250X runs Multi-Token Prediction 7B at Q8_0, using about 7.9 GB of memory and generating around 162 tokens per second.
Can a Radeon Instinct MI250X run a 13B model?
Yes. For example a Radeon Instinct MI250X runs DeepSeekMoE-16B at Q8_0, using about 17.5 GB of memory and generating around 376 tokens per second.
Can a Radeon Instinct MI250X run a 30B model?
Yes. For example a Radeon Instinct MI250X runs ERNIE-4.5-VL-28B-A3B at Q8_0, using about 29.2 GB of memory and generating around 215 tokens per second.
Can a Radeon Instinct MI250X run a 70B model?
Yes. For example a Radeon Instinct MI250X runs Qwen3-Coder-Next at Q8_0, using about 80.7 GB of memory and generating around 75.3 tokens per second.
How much memory does a Radeon Instinct MI250X have?
A Radeon Instinct MI250X has 128 GB of HBM2e memory. Around a tenth of that is reserved by the inference runtime and the driver, leaving roughly 115.2 GB available for a model and its conversation.
What is the memory bandwidth of a Radeon Instinct MI250X?
The Radeon Instinct MI250X has 3,280 GB/s of memory bandwidth, across a 8,192-bit memory bus. This is the single best predictor of how fast it generates text, because producing each token means reading the entire model out of memory once.
What type of memory does a Radeon Instinct MI250X use?
It uses HBM2e clocked at 1.6 GHz. HBM types are found on datacentre accelerators and carry far more bandwidth than the GDDR used on desktop cards, which is why they generate tokens considerably faster at the same capacity.
Who makes the Radeon Instinct MI250X?
The Radeon Instinct MI250X is a AMD product, with the chip manufactured by TSMC, on a 6 nm process.
When was the Radeon Instinct MI250X released?
The Radeon Instinct MI250X was released in November 2021.
How much power does a Radeon Instinct MI250X use?
The Radeon Instinct MI250X has a rated board power of 500 W, and a 900 W system power supply is suggested. Generating text draws hard in bursts and idles between requests, so average consumption over a working session is normally well below the rated figure.
The other direction
Looking at it from the other side?
This page starts from the hardware. If you already know which model you want and need to know what it takes to run it, start from the model instead.