Calculate the TPS of the Radeon Pro Duo on local AI models

AMD 4 GB HBM 512 GB/s April 2016

Every model in our catalogue assessed against this card at the context length and minimum quality you choose. Speed is an estimate for a single request, calculated from this card's memory bandwidth and the size of each model once compressed.

Calculated for this card

97 models it can run

679 models in our catalogue altogether

Largest model it holds

DeciLM 6B

5.7B · Q3_K_M · 80.1 tok/s

Fastest model

Gemma 3 QAT 1B

169 tok/s · 1B

Which AI models can run on a Radeon Pro Duo?

Set the inputs, read the answer

More context means more memory for the conversation cache. Speed is for a fresh conversation and does not change with this setting.

Hides models that would only fit by being compressed below this point.

97 models match

Calculating
Quantisation Fit
169 tok/s

101–271 · low confidence

Gemma 3 1B 1B Mar 2025 1.8 GB 33k tokens Q8_0 Comfortable
169 tok/s

101–271 · low confidence

Gemma 3 QAT 1B 1B Apr 2025 1.8 GB 33k tokens Q8_0 Comfortable
169 tok/s

101–271 · low confidence

HGRN 1B (WT 103) 1B Nov 2023 1.8 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
169 tok/s

101–271 · low confidence

LLama 3..2 Typhoon 2 1B 1B Dec 2024 1.8 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
169 tok/s

101–271 · low confidence

OLMo-1B 1B Feb 2024 1.8 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
169 tok/s

101–271 · low confidence

Pythia-1b 1B Apr 2023 1.8 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
157 tok/s

94–251 · low confidence

OpenELM-1.1B 1.1B May 2024 1.9 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
154 tok/s

92–246 · low confidence

DeciCoder-1B 1.1B Aug 2023 1.9 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
154 tok/s

92–246 · low confidence

SantaCoder 1.1B Jan 2023 1.9 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
154 tok/s

92–246 · low confidence

TinyLlama-1.1B (1T token checkpoint) 1.1B Oct 2023 1.9 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
154 tok/s

92–246 · low confidence

TinyLlama-1.1B (3T token checkpoint) 1.1B Oct 2023 1.9 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
141 tok/s

85–226 · low confidence

EXAONE 4.0 (1.2B) 1.2B Jul 2025 2.0 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
141 tok/s

85–226 · low confidence

MinerU2.5 1.2B Sep 2025 2.0 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
141 tok/s

85–226 · low confidence

Pleias 1.0 1.2B 1.2B Dec 2024 2.0 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
141 tok/s

85–226 · low confidence

Pleias-RAG-1B 1.2B Apr 2025 2.0 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
138 tok/s

83–220 · low confidence

Llama 3.2 1B 1.2B Sep 2024 2.2 GB 54k tokens Q8_0 Comfortable
136 tok/s

81–217 · low confidence

MiniCPM-1.2B 1.2B Jun 2024 2.0 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
130 tok/s

78–208 · low confidence

DeepSeek Coder 1.3B 1.3B Jan 2024 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
130 tok/s

78–208 · low confidence

DeepSeek-VL-1.3B 1.3B Mar 2024 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
130 tok/s

78–208 · low confidence

DigiRL 1.3B Jun 2024 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
130 tok/s

78–208 · low confidence

GLA Transformer 1.3B 1.3B Aug 2024 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
130 tok/s

78–208 · low confidence

Janus 1.3B 1.3B Oct 2024 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
130 tok/s

78–208 · low confidence

Kosmos-2.5 1.3B Aug 2024 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
130 tok/s

78–208 · low confidence

Otter 1.3B May 2023 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
130 tok/s

78–208 · low confidence

Phi-1 1.3B Oct 2023 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable

Speeds are estimates for a single request — one conversation at a time — calculated from memory bandwidth, model size and quantisation. Real throughput varies with the inference runtime and its version. Figures published by hardware vendors measure many simultaneous requests and are much higher.

On record

Radeon Pro Duo full specification

Everything on record for this board, ordered by how much it bears on running a language model rather than by how a spec sheet would list it. Memory comes first because it decides the outcome; the rest is context.

Memory

The two specifications that decide what this card can run and how quickly. Capacity sets which models fit; bandwidth sets how many tokens per second they produce once they do.

Memory size
4 GB
Memory bandwidth
512 GB/s
Memory type
HBM
Memory bus width
4,096 bit
Memory clock
500 MHz

The chip

Which processor is on the board and how it was manufactured. A smaller process size generally means more performance for the same power.

Graphics processor
Capsaicin
Architecture
GCN 3.0
Generation
Radeon Pro GCN
Foundry
TSMC
Process size
28 nm
Transistors
8.9 billion
Transistor density
14,900 K/mm²
Die size
596 mm²
Released
26 April 2016

Clock speeds

How fast the processor runs. Worth far less here than on a gaming benchmark: generating text is limited by memory bandwidth, so a higher clock barely moves the result.

Base clock
1 GHz
Boost clock
1 GHz

Processing units

What the chip contains. These drive graphics performance and matter mainly for processing a long prompt rather than for producing the answer.

Shading units
4,096
Texture mapping units
256
Render output units
64
L1 cache
16 KB
L2 cache
2 MB

Theoretical performance

Peak arithmetic rates published for the board. These are ceilings that no real workload reaches, and generating text reaches a small fraction of them because it is limited by memory rather than arithmetic.

Half precision (FP16)
8.2 TFLOPS
Single precision (FP32)
8.2 TFLOPS
Double precision (FP64)
512 GFLOPS
Pixel rate
64 GPixel/s
Texture rate
256 GTexel/s

The board

What it takes to physically install and power the card — the practical constraints that decide whether it fits the machine you already own.

Power draw (TDP)
350 W
Suggested power supply
750 W
Power connectors
3x 8-pin
Bus interface
PCIe 3.0 x16
Slot width
Dual-slot
Dimensions
277 mm
Display outputs
1x HDMI 1.4a, 3x DisplayPort 1.2

Software support

Which graphics and compute interfaces the card supports. CUDA compute capability is the one that bears on inference: below 7.0 there are no tensor cores, and modern inference software falls back to slower code paths.

DirectX
12.0
OpenGL
4.6
Vulkan
1.2
OpenCL
2.1
Shader model
6.5

Listings

Where to buy a Radeon Pro Duo

No vendor is currently listing this card. Listings come from vendors who publish them here directly — browse the vendor directory to see who is selling what.

What the numbers mean

What the memory subsystem means for AI

Memory

4 GB

Bandwidth

512 GB/s

Largest model

DeciLM 6B

At 4 GB of HBM the Radeon Pro Duo is limited to the smaller end of the catalogue. About 3.6 GB is actually available to a runtime, and a model has to fit entirely inside it before generating anything at all.

The memory bus moves 512 GB/s across a 4,096-bit bus. That is the number that governs generation speed — arithmetic per byte read is small enough that the bus, not the cores, is what everything waits on.

The figure is the memory clock — 500 MHz here — multiplied by the bus width. It is why core counts predict generation speed so poorly.

Put together, the largest model that fits is DeciLM 6B at 5.7B, running Q3_K_M and producing around 80.1 tokens per second.

The chip and how it was built

The Radeon Pro Duo is built on the Capsaicin graphics processor, using AMD's GCN 3.0 architecture, as part of the Radeon Pro GCN generation.

The chip is manufactured by TSMC, on a 28 nm process, with a die measuring 596 mm², holding 8.9 billion transistors. A smaller process generally means more performance for the same power, though for language models it matters far less than the memory subsystem.

It was released in April 2016, roughly 10 years ago. Inference software support tends to follow hardware by a year or two, so a card of this age generally has mature, well-optimised code paths available to it.

Compute throughput, and why it matters less than it looks

FP16

8.2 TFLOPS

FP64

512 GFLOPS

On paper the Radeon Pro Duo reaches 8.2 TFLOPS at half precision and 8.2 TFLOPS at single precision. These are peak figures no real workload sustains, and generating text reaches only a small fraction of them — decoding is limited by memory rather than arithmetic, which is why a card can look enormously powerful here and still produce tokens at an ordinary rate.

Double-precision throughput is 512 GFLOPS. It has no bearing on running a language model — no inference runtime uses it — but it separates datacentre parts from consumer ones, since the latter deliberately restrict it.

Clocks run from 1 GHz at base to 1 GHz boosted. Worth far less here than on a gaming benchmark: raising the clock speeds up the arithmetic, and the arithmetic is not what generation is waiting on.

Cache and processing units

The Radeon Pro Duo has 16 KB of L1 cache, backed by 2 MB of L2. Cache absorbs a share of the memory traffic that would otherwise hit the main bus, which is the one place on this page where a number other than bandwidth quietly affects generation speed — a large L2 lets more of the working set stay close to the cores.

There are 4,096 shading units, 256 texture mapping units, and 64 render output units. These drive graphics workloads and contribute to prompt processing, but they sit idle for much of the time a model spends generating a reply.

Power, size and installation

Power draw

350 W

The Radeon Pro Duo is rated at 350 W, with a 750 W power supply suggested for the whole system. Running a language model keeps a card busy in bursts rather than continuously — it draws hard while generating and idles between requests — so sustained draw over a working day is usually well below the rated figure.

The board occupies a dual-slot, measuring 277 mm long, and needs 3x 8-pin. Worth checking against the case and power supply already in the machine, since the largest cards need considerably more of both than a typical desktop provides.

It connects over PCIe 3.0 x16. The interface governs how quickly a model is loaded from disk into the card, not how fast it runs once there, so a narrower link costs a few seconds at startup and nothing thereafter.

The extremes

The largest AI models that run on a Radeon Pro Duo

The biggest open-weight models that fit on this card, newest first. Each is shown at the best compression the card can hold.

  1. 01 Qwen3.5-4B 4B · Q5_K_M · Feb 2026 75.5 tok/s
  2. 02 Voxtral Mini 4.7B · Q4_K_M · Jul 2025 83.1 tok/s
  3. 03 Typhoon 2.1 Gemma 4B 4B · Q4_K_M · May 2025 97.6 tok/s
  4. 04 Qwen3-4B 4B · Q3_K_M · Apr 2025 114 tok/s
  5. 05 Gemma 3 QAT 4B 4B · Q4_K_M · Apr 2025 97.6 tok/s
  6. 06 Gemma 3 4B 4B · Q4_K_M · Mar 2025 97.6 tok/s
  7. 07 Phi-4-Multimodal 5.6B · Q3_K_M · Mar 2025 81.5 tok/s
  8. 08 Minitron 4B 4.2B · Q4_K_M · Nov 2024 93.0 tok/s
  9. 09 XVERSE-MoE-A4.2B 4.2B · Q4_K_M · Apr 2024 93.0 tok/s
  10. 10 DeciLM 6B 5.7B · Q3_K_M · Sep 2023 80.1 tok/s

The fastest AI models on a Radeon Pro Duo

Where this card produces tokens quickest. Smaller models dominate here, because generating each token means reading the whole model out of memory once.

  1. 01 Gemma 3 QAT 1B 1B · Q8_0 · 1.8 GB 169 tok/s
  2. 02 Gemma 3 1B 1B · Q8_0 · 1.8 GB 169 tok/s
  3. 03 LLama 3..2 Typhoon 2 1B 1B · Q8_0 · 1.8 GB 169 tok/s
  4. 04 OLMo-1B 1B · Q8_0 · 1.8 GB 169 tok/s
  5. 05 HGRN 1B (WT 103) 1B · Q8_0 · 1.8 GB 169 tok/s
  6. 06 Pythia-1b 1B · Q8_0 · 1.8 GB 169 tok/s
  7. 07 OpenELM-1.1B 1.1B · Q8_0 · 1.9 GB 157 tok/s
  8. 08 TinyLlama-1.1B (1T token checkpoint) 1.1B · Q8_0 · 1.9 GB 154 tok/s
  9. 09 TinyLlama-1.1B (3T token checkpoint) 1.1B · Q8_0 · 1.9 GB 154 tok/s
  10. 10 DeciCoder-1B 1.1B · Q8_0 · 1.9 GB 154 tok/s

Step by step

How to work out the tokens per second of a Radeon Pro Duo

You do not have to calculate anything by hand — the gputps.com calculator on this page has already worked it out for every model this card can hold. Reading off the answer takes six steps.

  1. 01

    Find the model in the table

    All 97 models the Radeon Pro Duo handles are already listed. The search box takes a name or a size such as 27b, which matches on parameter count.

  2. 02

    Match the context to your work

    Longer conversations cost memory on top of the weights. With 4 GB to work in, that is frequently the difference between a model fitting and not.

  3. 03

    Pin the comparison to one quality level

    Each model is shown at the best compression this card can hold. A minimum quality hides the ones that only fit by being squeezed further than you would accept.

  4. 04

    Take the range as the answer

    Speeds come with error bars for a reason. The best case here is 169 tok/s on Gemma 3 QAT 1B, and which inference software you use moves that by thirty to fifty per cent.

  5. 05

    Check the headroom before you decide

    The fit column separates models that just fit from those with room to spare — worth checking against the card's 4 GB before settling on one.

  6. 06

    Check the same model from the other side

    Each model page repeats this calculation for the whole catalogue. Worth a look before deciding: it shows what else runs the same model, and how the Radeon Pro Duo compares.

Answers

Radeon Pro Duo — common questions

01

Is the Radeon Pro Duo good for running local AI models?

Its memory limits it to smaller models and its bandwidth gives usable, if unspectacular, generation speeds. In total it runs 97 of the models we track. Whether that is enough depends entirely on which model you want — the table above answers that directly.

02

Can a Radeon Pro Duo run a model that does not fit in its memory?

Only partly. Layers beyond the 4 GB sit in system memory and run at a fraction of the speed, so a mostly-offloaded model is rarely worth using. Every figure here assumes it is fully resident on the card.

03

Would two Radeon Pro Duo cards be twice as fast?

Capacity adds, throughput does not. Two of them give you 8 GB to work with rather than twice the tokens per second — every figure here is for a single Radeon Pro Duo.

04

What AI models can a Radeon Pro Duo run?

97 of the 679 open-weight language models we track fit on a Radeon Pro Duo and can be run locally on it. The table on this page lists every one, with the memory it needs, the quantisation it runs at and an estimated generation speed.

05

What is the largest AI model a Radeon Pro Duo can run?

The largest model in our catalogue that fits on a Radeon Pro Duo is DeciLM 6B at 5.7B parameters, compressed to Q3_K_M. It generates roughly 80.1 tokens per second and needs about 3.5 GB of the card's memory.

06

How many tokens per second does a Radeon Pro Duo produce?

It depends on the model. On a Radeon Pro Duo the fastest model we track is Gemma 3 QAT 1B at about 169 tokens per second, while larger models run proportionally slower because each token requires reading the whole model out of memory once. Speeds are estimates for a single conversation at a time.

07

How much memory does a Radeon Pro Duo have?

A Radeon Pro Duo has 4 GB of HBM memory. Around a tenth of that is reserved by the inference runtime and the driver, leaving roughly 3.6 GB available for a model and its conversation.

08

What is the memory bandwidth of a Radeon Pro Duo?

The Radeon Pro Duo has 512 GB/s of memory bandwidth, across a 4,096-bit memory bus. This is the single best predictor of how fast it generates text, because producing each token means reading the entire model out of memory once.

09

What type of memory does a Radeon Pro Duo use?

It uses HBM clocked at 500 MHz. HBM types are found on datacentre accelerators and carry far more bandwidth than the GDDR used on desktop cards, which is why they generate tokens considerably faster at the same capacity.

10

Who makes the Radeon Pro Duo?

The Radeon Pro Duo is a AMD product, with the chip manufactured by TSMC, on a 28 nm process.

11

When was the Radeon Pro Duo released?

The Radeon Pro Duo was released in April 2016.

12

How much power does a Radeon Pro Duo use?

The Radeon Pro Duo has a rated board power of 350 W, and a 750 W system power supply is suggested. Generating text draws hard in bursts and idles between requests, so average consumption over a working session is normally well below the rated figure.

13

How much cache does a Radeon Pro Duo have?

The Radeon Pro Duo has 16 KB of L1 cache, and 2 MB of L2 cache. Cache absorbs part of the memory traffic that would otherwise reach the main bus, so a larger L2 gives a modest lift to generation speed beyond what bandwidth alone predicts.

14

What are the TFLOPS of a Radeon Pro Duo?

The Radeon Pro Duo is rated at 8.2 TFLOPS at half precision and 8.2 TFLOPS at single precision. These are peak arithmetic ceilings rather than achievable rates, and text generation reaches only a small fraction of them because it is limited by memory bandwidth instead.

15

Does the Radeon Pro Duo support CUDA?

No. CUDA is NVIDIA-only, and the Radeon Pro Duo is a AMD card. It runs language models through ROCm, Vulkan or Metal depending on the software, which are less mature than the CUDA path — our estimates apply a penalty for that.

16

What bus interface does the Radeon Pro Duo use?

It uses PCIe 3.0 x16. This governs how fast a model is loaded onto the card rather than how fast it runs once loaded, so it costs a few seconds at startup and nothing during generation.

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

This page starts from the hardware. If you already know which model you want and need to know what it takes to run it, start from the model instead.

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