Calculate the TPS of the P104-101 on local AI models
Every model in our catalogue assessed against this card at the context length and minimum quality you choose. Speed is an estimate for a single request, calculated from this card's memory bandwidth and the size of each model once compressed.
Calculated for this card
679 models in our catalogue altogether
Largest model it holds
DeciLM 6B
5.7B · Q3_K_M · 43.7 tok/s
Fastest model
Gemma 3 QAT 1B
92.3 tok/s · 1B
Which AI models can run on a P104-101?
Set the inputs, read the answer
More context means more memory for the conversation cache. Speed is for a fresh conversation and does not change with this setting.
Hides models that would only fit by being compressed below this point.
97 models match
Calculating| Quantisation | Fit | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
92.3
tok/s
32–185 · low confidence |
Gemma 3 1B | 1B | Mar 2025 | 1.8 GB | 33k tokens | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
92.3
tok/s
32–185 · low confidence |
Gemma 3 QAT 1B | 1B | Apr 2025 | 1.8 GB | 33k tokens | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
92.3
tok/s
32–185 · low confidence |
HGRN 1B (WT 103) ≈ | 1B | Nov 2023 | 1.8 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
92.3
tok/s
32–185 · low confidence |
LLama 3..2 Typhoon 2 1B ≈ | 1B | Dec 2024 | 1.8 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
92.3
tok/s
32–185 · low confidence |
OLMo-1B ≈ | 1B | Feb 2024 | 1.8 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
92.3
tok/s
32–185 · low confidence |
Pythia-1b ≈ | 1B | Apr 2023 | 1.8 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
85.4
tok/s
30–171 · low confidence |
OpenELM-1.1B ≈ | 1.1B | May 2024 | 1.9 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
83.9
tok/s
29–168 · low confidence |
DeciCoder-1B ≈ | 1.1B | Aug 2023 | 1.9 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
83.9
tok/s
29–168 · low confidence |
SantaCoder ≈ | 1.1B | Jan 2023 | 1.9 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
83.9
tok/s
29–168 · low confidence |
TinyLlama-1.1B (1T token checkpoint) ≈ | 1.1B | Oct 2023 | 1.9 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
83.9
tok/s
29–168 · low confidence |
TinyLlama-1.1B (3T token checkpoint) ≈ | 1.1B | Oct 2023 | 1.9 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
76.9
tok/s
27–154 · low confidence |
EXAONE 4.0 (1.2B) ≈ | 1.2B | Jul 2025 | 2.0 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
76.9
tok/s
27–154 · low confidence |
MinerU2.5 ≈ | 1.2B | Sep 2025 | 2.0 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
76.9
tok/s
27–154 · low confidence |
Pleias 1.0 1.2B ≈ | 1.2B | Dec 2024 | 2.0 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
76.9
tok/s
27–154 · low confidence |
Pleias-RAG-1B ≈ | 1.2B | Apr 2025 | 2.0 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
75.0
tok/s
26–150 · low confidence |
Llama 3.2 1B | 1.2B | Sep 2024 | 2.2 GB | 54k tokens | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
74.0
tok/s
26–148 · low confidence |
MiniCPM-1.2B ≈ | 1.2B | Jun 2024 | 2.0 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
71.0
tok/s
25–142 · low confidence |
DeepSeek Coder 1.3B ≈ | 1.3B | Jan 2024 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
71.0
tok/s
25–142 · low confidence |
DeepSeek-VL-1.3B ≈ | 1.3B | Mar 2024 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
71.0
tok/s
25–142 · low confidence |
DigiRL ≈ | 1.3B | Jun 2024 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
71.0
tok/s
25–142 · low confidence |
GLA Transformer 1.3B ≈ | 1.3B | Aug 2024 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
71.0
tok/s
25–142 · low confidence |
Janus 1.3B ≈ | 1.3B | Oct 2024 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
71.0
tok/s
25–142 · low confidence |
Kosmos-2.5 ≈ | 1.3B | Aug 2024 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
71.0
tok/s
25–142 · low confidence |
Otter ≈ | 1.3B | May 2023 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
|
71.0
tok/s
25–142 · low confidence |
Phi-1 ≈ | 1.3B | Oct 2023 | 2.1 GB | 131k tokens ? | Q8_0 | Comfortable |
Speeds are estimates for a single request — one conversation at a time — calculated from memory bandwidth, model size and quantisation. Real throughput varies with the inference runtime and its version. Figures published by hardware vendors measure many simultaneous requests and are much higher.
On record
P104-101 full specification
Everything on record for this board, ordered by how much it bears on running a language model rather than by how a spec sheet would list it. Memory comes first because it decides the outcome; the rest is context.
Memory
The two specifications that decide what this card can run and how quickly. Capacity sets which models fit; bandwidth sets how many tokens per second they produce once they do.
- Memory size
- 4 GB
- Memory bandwidth
- 256 GB/s
- Memory type
- GDDR5
- Memory bus width
- 256 bit
- Memory clock
- 2 GHz
The chip
Which processor is on the board and how it was manufactured. A smaller process size generally means more performance for the same power.
- Graphics processor
- GP104
- Architecture
- Pascal
- Generation
- Mining GPUs
- Foundry
- TSMC
- Process size
- 16 nm
- Transistors
- 7.2 billion
- Transistor density
- 22,900 K/mm²
- Die size
- 314 mm²
- Package
- BGA-2150
- Released
- 5 January 2018
Clock speeds
How fast the processor runs. Worth far less here than on a gaming benchmark: generating text is limited by memory bandwidth, so a higher clock barely moves the result.
- Base clock
- 1.51 GHz
- Boost clock
- 1.68 GHz
Processing units
What the chip contains. These drive graphics performance and matter mainly for processing a long prompt rather than for producing the answer.
- Shading units
- 2,560
- Texture mapping units
- 160
- Render output units
- 64
- Streaming multiprocessors
- 20
- L1 cache
- 48 KB
- L2 cache
- 2 MB
Theoretical performance
Peak arithmetic rates published for the board. These are ceilings that no real workload reaches, and generating text reaches a small fraction of them because it is limited by memory rather than arithmetic.
- Half precision (FP16)
- 134.6 GFLOPS
- Single precision (FP32)
- 8.6 TFLOPS
- Double precision (FP64)
- 269.3 GFLOPS
- Pixel rate
- 108 GPixel/s
- Texture rate
- 269 GTexel/s
The board
What it takes to physically install and power the card — the practical constraints that decide whether it fits the machine you already own.
- Suggested power supply
- 200 W
- Power connectors
- 1x 8-pin
- Bus interface
- PCIe 1.0 x4
- Slot width
- Dual-slot
- Dimensions
- 267 mm
Software support
Which graphics and compute interfaces the card supports. CUDA compute capability is the one that bears on inference: below 7.0 there are no tensor cores, and modern inference software falls back to slower code paths.
- CUDA compute capability
- 6.1
- DirectX
- 12.1
- OpenGL
- 4.6
- Vulkan
- 1.4
- OpenCL
- 3.0
- Shader model
- 6.8
Listings
Where to buy a P104-101
No vendor is currently listing this card. Listings come from vendors who publish them here directly — browse the vendor directory to see who is selling what.
What the numbers mean
Capacity and bandwidth
Memory
4 GB
Bandwidth
256 GB/s
Largest model
DeciLM 6B
At 4 GB of GDDR5 the P104-101 is limited to the smaller end of the catalogue. About 3.6 GB is actually available to a runtime, and a model has to fit entirely inside it before generating anything at all.
At 256 GB/s across a 256-bit bus, bandwidth is this card's real constraint. Every token requires reading the entire model out of memory, so a large model will feel slow here even when it fits.
The figure is the memory clock — 2 GHz here — multiplied by the bus width. It is why core counts predict generation speed so poorly.
The biggest thing it holds is DeciLM 6B (5.7B) at Q3_K_M compression, for about 43.7 tokens per second.
The chip and how it was built
The P104-101 is built on the GP104 graphics processor, using NVIDIA's Pascal architecture, as part of the Mining GPUs generation.
The chip is manufactured by TSMC, on a 16 nm process, with a die measuring 314 mm², holding 7.2 billion transistors. A smaller process generally means more performance for the same power, though for language models it matters far less than the memory subsystem.
It was released in January 2018, roughly 8 years ago. Inference software support tends to follow hardware by a year or two, so a card of this age generally has mature, well-optimised code paths available to it.
Compute throughput, and why it matters less than it looks
FP16
134.6 GFLOPS
FP64
269.3 GFLOPS
On paper the P104-101 reaches 134.6 GFLOPS at half precision and 8.6 TFLOPS at single precision. These are peak figures no real workload sustains, and generating text reaches only a small fraction of them — decoding is limited by memory rather than arithmetic, which is why a card can look enormously powerful here and still produce tokens at an ordinary rate.
Double-precision throughput is 269.3 GFLOPS. It has no bearing on running a language model — no inference runtime uses it — but it separates datacentre parts from consumer ones, since the latter deliberately restrict it.
Clocks run from 1.51 GHz at base to 1.68 GHz boosted. Worth far less here than on a gaming benchmark: raising the clock speeds up the arithmetic, and the arithmetic is not what generation is waiting on.
Cache and processing units
The P104-101 has 48 KB of L1 cache, backed by 2 MB of L2. Cache absorbs a share of the memory traffic that would otherwise hit the main bus, which is the one place on this page where a number other than bandwidth quietly affects generation speed — a large L2 lets more of the working set stay close to the cores.
There are 2,560 shading units, 160 texture mapping units, and 64 render output units. These drive graphics workloads and contribute to prompt processing, but they sit idle for much of the time a model spends generating a reply.
Power, size and installation
The board occupies a dual-slot, measuring 267 mm long, and needs 1x 8-pin. Worth checking against the case and power supply already in the machine, since the largest cards need considerably more of both than a typical desktop provides.
It connects over PCIe 1.0 x4. The interface governs how quickly a model is loaded from disk into the card, not how fast it runs once there, so a narrower link costs a few seconds at startup and nothing thereafter.
The extremes
The largest AI models that run on a P104-101
The biggest open-weight models that fit on this card, newest first. Each is shown at the best compression the card can hold.
The fastest AI models on a P104-101
Where this card produces tokens quickest. Smaller models dominate here, because generating each token means reading the whole model out of memory once.
Step by step
How to work out the tokens per second of a P104-101
You do not have to calculate anything by hand — the gputps.com calculator on this page has already worked it out for every model this card can hold. Reading off the answer takes six steps.
-
01
Search for the model you want
Every one of the 97 models this P104-101 runs is in the table above. Search narrows it by name or by size.
-
02
Match the context to your work
Longer conversations cost memory on top of the weights. With 4 GB to work in, that is frequently the difference between a model fitting and not.
-
03
Pin the comparison to one quality level
Each model is shown at the best compression this card can hold. A minimum quality hides the ones that only fit by being squeezed further than you would accept.
-
04
Read the speed and the range
The figures are calculated, not measured. 92.3 tok/s on Gemma 3 QAT 1B is the fastest result on this card, and like every row it carries a range that reflects how much the runtime matters.
-
05
Read the fit verdict last
A tight fit runs but leaves no room to raise the context later; comfortable has headroom. The memory column shows what each model needs against the 4 GB available.
-
06
Cross-check against other hardware
Following a model through to its own page lists all the hardware that can run it, so you can see where the P104-101 sits against the alternatives.
Answers
P104-101 — common questions
Does the P104-101 support CUDA?
Yes. The P104-101 reports CUDA compute capability 6.1, which predates tensor cores. Capability 7.0 and above has tensor cores, which modern inference software uses; below that it falls back to slower code paths for quantised models.
What bus interface does the P104-101 use?
It uses PCIe 1.0 x4. This governs how fast a model is loaded onto the card rather than how fast it runs once loaded, so it costs a few seconds at startup and nothing during generation.
Is the P104-101 good for running local AI models?
Its memory limits it to smaller models though its bandwidth means generation will feel slow on larger models. In total it runs 97 of the models we track. Whether that is enough depends entirely on which model you want — the table above answers that directly.
Can a P104-101 run a model that does not fit in its memory?
Only partly. Layers beyond the 4 GB sit in system memory and run at a fraction of the speed, so a mostly-offloaded model is rarely worth using. Every figure here assumes it is fully resident on the card.
Would two P104-101 cards be twice as fast?
Capacity adds, throughput does not. Two of them give you 8 GB to work with rather than twice the tokens per second — every figure here is for a single P104-101.
What AI models can a P104-101 run?
97 of the 679 open-weight language models we track fit on a P104-101 and can be run locally on it. The table on this page lists every one, with the memory it needs, the quantisation it runs at and an estimated generation speed.
What is the largest AI model a P104-101 can run?
The largest model in our catalogue that fits on a P104-101 is DeciLM 6B at 5.7B parameters, compressed to Q3_K_M. It generates roughly 43.7 tokens per second and needs about 3.5 GB of the card's memory.
How many tokens per second does a P104-101 produce?
It depends on the model. On a P104-101 the fastest model we track is Gemma 3 QAT 1B at about 92.3 tokens per second, while larger models run proportionally slower because each token requires reading the whole model out of memory once. Speeds are estimates for a single conversation at a time.
How much memory does a P104-101 have?
A P104-101 has 4 GB of GDDR5 memory. Around a tenth of that is reserved by the inference runtime and the driver, leaving roughly 3.6 GB available for a model and its conversation.
What is the memory bandwidth of a P104-101?
The P104-101 has 256 GB/s of memory bandwidth, across a 256-bit memory bus. This is the single best predictor of how fast it generates text, because producing each token means reading the entire model out of memory once.
What type of memory does a P104-101 use?
It uses GDDR5 clocked at 2 GHz. HBM types are found on datacentre accelerators and carry far more bandwidth than the GDDR used on desktop cards, which is why they generate tokens considerably faster at the same capacity.
Who makes the P104-101?
The P104-101 is a NVIDIA product, with the chip manufactured by TSMC, on a 16 nm process.
When was the P104-101 released?
The P104-101 was released in January 2018.
How much cache does a P104-101 have?
The P104-101 has 48 KB of L1 cache, and 2 MB of L2 cache. Cache absorbs part of the memory traffic that would otherwise reach the main bus, so a larger L2 gives a modest lift to generation speed beyond what bandwidth alone predicts.
What are the TFLOPS of a P104-101?
The P104-101 is rated at 134.6 GFLOPS at half precision and 8.6 TFLOPS at single precision. These are peak arithmetic ceilings rather than achievable rates, and text generation reaches only a small fraction of them because it is limited by memory bandwidth instead.
The other direction
Looking at it from the other side?
This page starts from the hardware. If you already know which model you want and need to know what it takes to run it, start from the model instead.