Calculate the TPS of the GB10 on local AI models

NVIDIA 128 GB LPDDR5X 273 GB/s October 2025

Every model in our catalogue assessed against this card at the context length and minimum quality you choose. Speed is an estimate for a single request, calculated from this card's memory bandwidth and the size of each model once compressed.

Calculated for this card

658 models it can run

721 models in our catalogue altogether

Largest model it holds

Solar Open2 250B

250.3B · Q3_K_M · 6.9 tok/s

Fastest model

Gemma 3 QAT 1B

116 tok/s · 1B

Which AI models can run on a GB10?

Set the inputs, read the answer

More context means more memory for the conversation cache. Speed is for a fresh conversation and does not change with this setting.

Hides models that would only fit by being compressed below this point.

658 models match

Calculating
Quantisation Fit
116 tok/s

98–139

Gemma 3 1B 1B Mar 2025 1.8 GB 33k tokens Q8_0 Comfortable
116 tok/s

98–139

Gemma 3 QAT 1B 1B Apr 2025 1.8 GB 33k tokens Q8_0 Comfortable
116 tok/s

69–185 · low confidence

HGRN 1B (WT 103) 1B Nov 2023 1.8 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
116 tok/s

69–185 · low confidence

LLama 3..2 Typhoon 2 1B 1B Dec 2024 1.8 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
116 tok/s

69–185 · low confidence

OLMo-1B 1B Feb 2024 1.8 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
116 tok/s

69–185 · low confidence

Pythia-1b 1B Apr 2023 1.8 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
107 tok/s

64–171 · low confidence

OpenELM-1.1B 1.1B May 2024 1.9 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
105 tok/s

63–168 · low confidence

DeciCoder-1B 1.1B Aug 2023 1.9 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
105 tok/s

63–168 · low confidence

SantaCoder 1.1B Jan 2023 1.9 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
105 tok/s

63–168 · low confidence

TinyLlama-1.1B (1T token checkpoint) 1.1B Oct 2023 1.9 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
105 tok/s

63–168 · low confidence

TinyLlama-1.1B (3T token checkpoint) 1.1B Oct 2023 1.9 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
96.4 tok/s

58–154 · low confidence

EXAONE 4.0 (1.2B) 1.2B Jul 2025 2.0 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
96.4 tok/s

58–154 · low confidence

LFM2-1.2B 1.2B Jul 2025 2.0 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
96.4 tok/s

58–154 · low confidence

MinerU2.5 1.2B Sep 2025 2.0 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
96.4 tok/s

58–154 · low confidence

Pleias 1.0 1.2B 1.2B Dec 2024 2.0 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
96.4 tok/s

58–154 · low confidence

Pleias-RAG-1B 1.2B Apr 2025 2.0 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
94.1 tok/s

80–113

Llama 3.2 1B 1.2B Sep 2024 2.2 GB 131k tokens Q8_0 Comfortable
92.8 tok/s

56–148 · low confidence

MiniCPM-1.2B 1.2B Jun 2024 2.0 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
89.0 tok/s

53–142 · low confidence

DeepSeek Coder 1.3B 1.3B Jan 2024 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
89.0 tok/s

53–142 · low confidence

DeepSeek-VL-1.3B 1.3B Mar 2024 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
89.0 tok/s

53–142 · low confidence

DigiRL 1.3B Jun 2024 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
89.0 tok/s

53–142 · low confidence

GLA Transformer 1.3B 1.3B Aug 2024 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
89.0 tok/s

53–142 · low confidence

Janus 1.3B 1.3B Oct 2024 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
89.0 tok/s

53–142 · low confidence

Kosmos-2.5 1.3B Aug 2024 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable
89.0 tok/s

53–142 · low confidence

Otter 1.3B May 2023 2.1 GB 131k tokens ? Q8_0 Comfortable

Speeds are estimates for a single request — one conversation at a time — calculated from memory bandwidth, model size and quantisation. Real throughput varies with the inference runtime and its version. Figures published by hardware vendors measure many simultaneous requests and are much higher.

On record

GB10 full specification

Everything on record for this board, ordered by how much it bears on running a language model rather than by how a spec sheet would list it. Memory comes first because it decides the outcome; the rest is context.

Memory

The two specifications that decide what this card can run and how quickly. Capacity sets which models fit; bandwidth sets how many tokens per second they produce once they do.

Memory size
128 GB
Memory bandwidth
273 GB/s
Memory type
LPDDR5X
Memory bus width
256 bit
Memory clock
1.07 GHz

The chip

Which processor is on the board and how it was manufactured. A smaller process size generally means more performance for the same power.

Graphics processor
GB20B
Architecture
Blackwell 2.0
Generation
Server Blackwell(Bxx)
Foundry
TSMC
Process size
5 nm
Released
15 October 2025

Clock speeds

How fast the processor runs. Worth far less here than on a gaming benchmark: generating text is limited by memory bandwidth, so a higher clock barely moves the result.

Base clock
1.67 GHz
Boost clock
2.42 GHz

Processing units

What the chip contains. These drive graphics performance and matter mainly for processing a long prompt rather than for producing the answer.

Shading units
6,144
Texture mapping units
384
Render output units
48
Streaming multiprocessors
48
Tensor cores
384
Ray tracing cores
48
L1 cache
250 KB
L2 cache
50 MB

Theoretical performance

Peak arithmetic rates published for the board. These are ceilings that no real workload reaches, and generating text reaches a small fraction of them because it is limited by memory rather than arithmetic.

Half precision (FP16)
29.7 TFLOPS
Single precision (FP32)
29.7 TFLOPS
Double precision (FP64)
464.3 GFLOPS
Pixel rate
116 GPixel/s
Texture rate
929 GTexel/s

The board

What it takes to physically install and power the card — the practical constraints that decide whether it fits the machine you already own.

Power draw (TDP)
140 W
Suggested power supply
300 W
Power connectors
None
Bus interface
PCIe 5.0 x16
Slot width
IGP
Dimensions
150 mm × 150 mm
Display outputs
1x HDMI

Software support

Which graphics and compute interfaces the card supports. CUDA compute capability is the one that bears on inference: below 7.0 there are no tensor cores, and modern inference software falls back to slower code paths.

CUDA compute capability
12.1
OpenCL
3.0

Listings

Where to buy a GB10

No vendor is currently listing this card. Listings come from vendors who publish them here directly — browse the vendor directory to see who is selling what.

What the numbers mean

Capacity and bandwidth

Memory

128 GB

Bandwidth

273 GB/s

Largest model

Solar Open2 250B

GB10 holds 128 GB of LPDDR5X. That puts it in the class of hardware that holds the largest open-weight models without splitting them across machines. An inference runtime can reach roughly 115.2 GB.

Memory bandwidth reaches 273 GB/s across a bus of 256 bits. Bandwidth is this card's real constraint. Every token requires reading the entire model out of memory, so a large model will feel slow here even when it fits.

That comes from a memory clock of 1.07 GHz. It is why core counts predict generation speed so poorly.

The biggest thing it holds is Solar Open2 250B, 250.3B, compressed to Q3_K_M and generating around 6.9 tokens per second.

The chip and how it was built

GB10 is built on the graphics processor GB20B, using the architecture Blackwell 2.0 from NVIDIA, as part of the generation Server Blackwell(Bxx).

The chip is manufactured by TSMC, on a process of 5 nm. A smaller process generally means more performance for the same power, though for language models it matters far less than the memory subsystem.

It was released in October 2025. Inference software support tends to follow hardware by a year or two, so a card of this age generally has mature, well-optimised code paths available to it.

Compute throughput, and why it matters less than it looks

FP16

29.7 TFLOPS

FP64

464.3 GFLOPS

Tensor cores

384

On paper GB10 reaches 29.7 TFLOPS at half precision, and 29.7 TFLOPS at single precision. These are peak figures no real workload sustains, and generating text reaches only a small fraction of them — decoding is limited by memory rather than arithmetic, which is why a card can look enormously powerful here and still produce tokens at an ordinary rate.

Double-precision throughput reaches 464.3 GFLOPS. It has no bearing on running a language model — no inference runtime uses it — but it separates datacentre parts from consumer ones, since the latter deliberately restrict it.

The card carries 384 tensor cores across 48 streaming multiprocessors. These accelerate the matrix arithmetic at the heart of a transformer, and they are what make prompt processing — reading a long document before answering — dramatically faster than it would otherwise be.

Clocks run from a base of 1.67 GHz to a boost of 2.42 GHz. Worth far less here than on a gaming benchmark: raising the clock speeds up the arithmetic, and the arithmetic is not what generation is waiting on.

Cache and processing units

GB10 has an L1 cache of 250 KB, backed by an L2 cache of 50 MB. Cache absorbs a share of the memory traffic that would otherwise hit the main bus, which is the one place on this page where a number other than bandwidth quietly affects generation speed — a large L2 lets more of the working set stay close to the cores.

There are 6,144 shading units, 384 texture mapping units, and 48 render output units. These drive graphics workloads and contribute to prompt processing, but they sit idle for much of the time a model spends generating a reply.

Power, size and installation

Power draw

140 W

GB10 is rated at 140 W, and the suggested system power supply is 300 W. Running a language model keeps a card busy in bursts rather than continuously — it draws hard while generating and idles between requests — so sustained draw over a working day is usually well below the rated figure.

The board occupies igp, measuring 150 mm long. Worth checking against the case and power supply already in the machine, since the largest cards need considerably more of both than a typical desktop provides.

It connects over PCIe 5.0 x16. The interface governs how quickly a model is loaded from disk into the card, not how fast it runs once there, so a narrower link costs a few seconds at startup and nothing thereafter.

The extremes

The largest AI models that run on a GB10

The biggest open-weight models that fit on this card, newest first. Each is shown at the best compression the card can hold.

  1. 01 Solar Open2 250B 250.3B · Q3_K_M · Jun 2026 6.9 tok/s
  2. 02 MiniMax-M2.7 229B · Q3_K_M · Mar 2026 1.4 tok/s
  3. 03 MiniMax-M2.5 229B · Q3_K_M · Feb 2026 1.4 tok/s
  4. 04 MiniMax-M2.1 229B · Q3_K_M · Dec 2025 1.4 tok/s
  5. 05 P1-235B-A22B 235B · Q3_K_M · Nov 2025 7.4 tok/s
  6. 06 Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking (Jul 2025) 235B · Q3_K_M · Jul 2025 7.4 tok/s
  7. 07 Qwen3-235B-A22B (Jul 2025) 235B · Q3_K_M · Jul 2025 7.4 tok/s
  8. 08 Qwen3-235B-A22B 235B · IQ4_XS · Apr 2025 6.7 tok/s
  9. 09 DeepSeek-V2.5 236B · Q3_K_M · Sep 2024 7.4 tok/s
  10. 10 DeepSeek-V2 (MoE-236B) 236B · Q3_K_M · May 2024 7.4 tok/s

The fastest AI models on a GB10

Where this card produces tokens quickest. Smaller models dominate here, because generating each token means reading the whole model out of memory once.

  1. 01 Gemma 3 QAT 1B 1B · Q8_0 · 1.8 GB 116 tok/s
  2. 02 Gemma 3 1B 1B · Q8_0 · 1.8 GB 116 tok/s
  3. 03 LLama 3..2 Typhoon 2 1B 1B · Q8_0 · 1.8 GB 116 tok/s
  4. 04 OLMo-1B 1B · Q8_0 · 1.8 GB 116 tok/s
  5. 05 HGRN 1B (WT 103) 1B · Q8_0 · 1.8 GB 116 tok/s
  6. 06 Pythia-1b 1B · Q8_0 · 1.8 GB 116 tok/s
  7. 07 OpenELM-1.1B 1.1B · Q8_0 · 1.9 GB 107 tok/s
  8. 08 TinyLlama-1.1B (1T token checkpoint) 1.1B · Q8_0 · 1.9 GB 105 tok/s
  9. 09 TinyLlama-1.1B (3T token checkpoint) 1.1B · Q8_0 · 1.9 GB 105 tok/s
  10. 10 DeciCoder-1B 1.1B · Q8_0 · 1.9 GB 105 tok/s

Step by step

How to work out the tokens per second of a GB10

You do not have to calculate anything by hand — the gputps.com calculator on this page has already worked it out for every model this card can hold. Reading off the answer takes six steps.

  1. 01

    Start with the model, not the specification

    The table lists 658 models the card handles. The search box takes a name or a size such as 27b, which matches on parameter count.

  2. 02

    Match the context to your work

    Drag the slider to the conversation length you plan to work at. The cache grows with the conversation, and against a card holding 128 GB so the setting is worth getting right.

  3. 03

    Choose how far you will compress

    Compression is what lets bigger models fit. The quality control drops any model that needs more of it than you are willing to give.

  4. 04

    Look at the range, not just the number

    The figures are calculated, not measured. The fastest result on this card is 116 tok/s on Gemma 3 QAT 1B. The same card and model vary by thirty to fifty per cent between inference runtimes.

  5. 05

    Check the headroom before you decide

    The fit column separates models that just fit from those with room to spare — worth checking before settling on one, against an available 128 GB.

  6. 06

    Open the model to compare cards

    Every model name in the table links to its own page, which runs the same calculation across every card we hold. That is where you see whether the right buy is GB10.

Answers

GB10 — common questions

01

GB10— how much memory does it have?

This card has 128 GB of LPDDR5X. Around a tenth is reserved by the inference runtime and the driver, leaving roughly 115.2 GB available for a model and its conversation.

02

GB10— what is its memory bandwidth?

Memory bandwidth reaches 273 GB/s across a bus of 256 bits. This is the single best predictor of how fast it generates text, because producing each token means reading the entire model out of memory once.

03

GB10— what type of memory does it use?

It uses LPDDR5X clocked at 1.07 GHz. HBM types are found on datacentre accelerators and carry far more bandwidth than the GDDR used on desktop cards, which is why they generate tokens considerably faster at the same capacity.

04

GB10— who makes it?

This is a product of NVIDIA, with the chip manufactured by TSMC, on a process of 5 nm.

05

GB10— when was it released?

It was released in October 2025.

06

GB10— how much power does it use?

Rated board power is 140 W, and the suggested system power supply is 300 W. Generating text draws hard in bursts and idles between requests, so average consumption over a working session is normally well below the rated figure.

07

GB10— how much cache does it have?

The L1 cache is 250 KB, and the L2 cache is 50 MB. Cache absorbs part of the memory traffic that would otherwise reach the main bus, so a larger L2 gives a modest lift to generation speed beyond what bandwidth alone predicts.

08

GB10— what are its TFLOPS?

It is rated at 29.7 TFLOPS at half precision and 29.7 TFLOPS at single precision. These are peak arithmetic ceilings rather than achievable rates, and text generation reaches only a small fraction of them because it is limited by memory bandwidth instead.

09

GB10— how many tensor cores does it have?

It has 384 tensor cores across 48 streaming multiprocessors. They accelerate the matrix arithmetic a transformer is built from, which mainly speeds up processing a long prompt rather than producing the reply.

10

GB10— does it support CUDA?

Yes. It reports CUDA compute capability 12.1. Capability 7.0 and above has tensor cores, which modern inference software uses; below that it falls back to slower code paths for quantised models.

11

GB10— what bus interface does it use?

It uses PCIe 5.0 x16. This governs how fast a model is loaded onto the card rather than how fast it runs once loaded, so it costs a few seconds at startup and nothing during generation.

12

GB10— is it good for running local AI models?

Its memory is large enough for models most desktop hardware cannot touch though its bandwidth means generation will feel slow on larger models. In total it runs 658 of the models we track. Whether that is enough depends entirely on which model you want — the table above answers that directly.

13

GB10— can it run a model that does not fit in its memory?

Offloading past the card's 128 GB is possible and usually a false economy: the system-memory portion is slow enough to dominate the result.

14

Would two GB10 cards be twice as fast?

Pairing them buys headroom rather than pace: 256 GB to work with rather than twice the tokens per second — every figure here is for a single card.

15

GB10— which AI models can it run?

658 of the 721 open-weight language models we track fit on this card and can be run locally. The table on this page lists every one, with the memory it needs, the quantisation it runs at and an estimated generation speed.

16

GB10— what is the largest AI model it can run?

The largest model in our catalogue that fits is Solar Open2 250B at 250.3B parameters, compressed to Q3_K_M. It generates roughly 6.9 tokens per second and needs about 106.6 GB of the card's memory.

17

GB10— how many tokens per second does it produce?

It depends on the model. The fastest model we track here is Gemma 3 QAT 1B at about 116 tokens per second, while larger models run proportionally slower because each token requires reading the whole model out of memory once. Speeds are estimates for a single conversation at a time.

18

GB10— can it run 7B models?

Yes. For example it runs Gemma 4 E4B at Q8_0, using about 9.8 GB of memory and generating around 25.7 tokens per second.

19

GB10— can it run 13B models?

Yes. For example it runs DeepSeekMoE-16B at Q8_0, using about 17.5 GB of memory and generating around 40.2 tokens per second.

20

GB10— can it run 30B models?

Yes. For example it runs ERNIE-4.5-VL-28B-A3B at Q8_0, using about 29.2 GB of memory and generating around 23.0 tokens per second.

21

GB10— can it run 70B models?

Yes. For example it runs Qwen3-Coder-Next at Q8_0, using about 80.7 GB of memory and generating around 8.0 tokens per second.

The other direction

Looking at it from the other side?

This page starts from the hardware. If you already know which model you want and need to know what it takes to run it, start from the model instead.

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